Chapter 1 Flashcards
organisms
Name the 7 Characteristics of living organisms
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition
What is movement?
Movement is an action by an organism or
part of an organism causing a change in
position or place.
What is Respiration?
It is the breakdown of nutrient molecules during chemical reactions in cells to release energy for metabolism.
What is Sensitivity?
It is the ability to detect and sense stimuli in the internal and external environment to make the appropriate responses.
What is Growth?
It is the PERMANENT increase in size and dry mass.
Increase in cell size/cell number.
What is Reproduction?
It is the process that produces fertile offspring, Sexually or Asexually.
What is Excretion?
It is the removal of waste products, excess substances, and toxic materials from the body.
What is Nutrition?
It is taking in materials and using them for growth, energy, and development.
What is a Species?
It is a group of organisms that produce fertile offspring.
What is the Binomial System?
It is an internationally agreed system of naming species, where the scientific name is made up of 2 parts, the Genus/Generic name (starts with Capital letter) and Species (Lowercase).
What is a natural system?
It is classification using important features shared by a large group of ogranisms.
Why is it important to classify organisms?
- It is possible to identify those most at risk of extinction.
- It is possible to understand evolutionary relationships.
What is the description of a Vertebrate?
All vertebrates have a vertebral column (spine), along with a skull protecting the brain and a pair of jaws (usually with teeth)
What is Classification based on?
- Classification is based on Morphology and Anatomy.
- Morphology is the study of the form/outward appearance of an organism.
- Anatomy is the detailed body structure determined by dissection.
How has DNA revolutionized classification?
- Organisms that share the same DNA sequence are more likely to be similar to each other.
- This is because each species has a distinct number of chromosomes and unique sequence of bases, making it identifiable and distinguishable.
What is Cladistics?
It is a process of biological classification that involves organisms being grouped together based on 1 or more shared characteristics from the groups last common ancestors.
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Animals, Plants, Fungi, Prokaryotes, Protoctists.
Why aren’t Viruses considered a Kingdom?
- This is because they lack cell membranes, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, as well as lack characteristics. They do not feed, respire, excrete, or grow.
- Reproduction occurs only if provided materials by host cell.
What is the plant kingdom?
- Plants are multicellular, autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms that have a cell wall made of cellulose.
- There are 2 groups; Ferns and flowering plants (Monocots & Dicots)
What is the animal kingdom?
- Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall or cholorplasts.
What are the 5 groups of Vertebrates?
Mammals, Birds, Fish, Amphibia, Reptiles
What are the 4 groups of Invertebrates? (Arthropods)
Crustacea, Arachnids, Myriapods, Insects
What is the Fungi kingdom?
Fungi are multicellular organisms made up of thread-like hyphae with many nuclei distributed in the cytoplasm.
What is the Prokaryote kingdom?
Prokaryotes are single-celled (unicellular) organisms with NO NUCLEUS.
