Chapter 7 Flashcards
Human Nutrition (Diet)
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is a diet that contains all essential nutrients our body requires in the right amounts.
Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins.
Which nutrient gives the most energy?
Fats give the greatest amount of energy.
How is energy measured?
Energy from food is measured in calories or Joules.
How much energy does a gram of Carbohydrates give?
16 KJ
How much energy does a gram of Protein give?
17 KJ
How much energy does a gram of Fats give?
37 KJ
How much energy does our body require each day?
Our body needs to obtain 12,000 KJ of energy everyday.
What is Basal Metabolism?
This type of metabolism maintains circulation, breathing, body temperature, brain function and essential processes in the Liver and other organs.
*2400 KJ is needed for this.
What is the importance of Proteins?
Proteins supply the amino acids our body needs to build up structures. (cytoplasm and enzymes).
- Proteins provide chemical substances to build cells and tissues.
What are some examples of Protein?
Some examples are meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese.
Plants contain proteins like soybean, pumpkin seeds and nuts.
What is the importance of Carbohydrates?
- Carbohydrates are the cheapest and most readily available sources of energy.
- Sugar and Starch appear as Sucrose in our diet.
- Carbohydrates are oxidized to Carbon dioxide and water, giving energy by respiration.
*Cellulose from plants is also a Carb used for roughage.
What happens to excess Carbohydrates?
Excess Carbs are converted to Glycogen or fat in the liver.
- The Glycogen is stored in the Liver and muscles
- The Fat is stored in fat deposits (abdomen, around kidneys, under skin)
What are some examples of Carbohydrates?
Potatoes, bread, maize, rice and cereals.
What is the importance of Fats/Oils?
Fats and oils are called Lipids.
- These are used in cells to form the cell membrane and other membrane systems.
- Lipids are also oxidized for energy by respiration to Carbon Dioxide and Water.
- Fats can be stored long-term in the body.
What are some examples of Fats?
Butter, Milk, egg yolks, cheese, peanuts.
What is Adipose tissue?
This fatty tissue forms a layer under the skin that prevents heat loss if blood supply is restricted.
What is the importance of Vitamins?
Vitamins are a group of organic substances.
- They are essential for health and needed for chemical reactions in cells that associate with enzymes.
What are the 2 classes of Vitamins?
The 2 classes are:
- Fat-soluble vitamins; Found in animal fats or vegetable oils.
- Water-soluble vitamins; Present in green leaves, fruits and cereal grains.
What is the importance of Fibre?
- Fibre is bulky which helps food move down the canal during Peristalsis more efficiently.
- Fibre protects the intestines from cancer and other disorders.
*It also fills you up, so you wont overeat.
What happens if theres high intake of Fats?
Plaques are fatty deposits.
High intake of fats increases the level at which plaques form in the arteries.
This leads to Coronary Heart Disease or strokes.
How are Plaques formed?
Plaques are fatty deposits.
They are formed from Lipids and Cholesterol combined with Proteins.
(LDL’s - Low Density Lipoproteins)
What happens if theres lack of Fibre?
Lack of Fibre leads to constipation.
What is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition is the lack of a balanced diet.
This leads to weight loss, weakness and Starvation.
What is Scurvy?
Scurvy is a disease that occurs when theres lack of Vitamin C.
It causes bleeding under the skin, like in the gums, and causes stunt growth.
