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GCSE PE > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bones at the head/neck

A

Cranium and Vertebrae

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2
Q

Bones at the Shoulder

A

Scapula and Humerus

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3
Q

Bones at the chest

A

Ribs and Sternum

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4
Q

Bones at the elbow

A

Humerus, Radius and Ulna

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5
Q

Bones at the hip

A

Pelvis and Femur

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6
Q

Bones at the knee

A

Femur,Tibia and Patella

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7
Q

Bones at the ankle

A

Tibia,Fibula and Talus

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8
Q

What does the skeletal system allow?

A

Movement at a joint

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9
Q

Purpose of Long bones

A

Gross movement

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10
Q

Purpose of Short Bones

A

Fine Movements

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11
Q

Purpose of Flat bones

A

Protect internal organs and allow muscle attachment

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12
Q

What attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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13
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production

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14
Q

Muscles at the Elbow

A

Biceps - Flexion
Tricep - Extension

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15
Q

Muscles at the Shoulder

A

Pectorals - Adduction and Flexion
Deltoid - Flexion, Extension, Abduction or Circumduction
Latissimus Dorsi - Extension, Adduction, Rotation
Rotator Cuffs - Rotation and Abduction

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16
Q

Muscles at the Hip

A

Hip Flexors - Flexion
Gluteals - Extension, Rotation, Abduction

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17
Q

Muscles at the knee

A

Hamstrings - Flexion
Quadriceps - Extension

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18
Q

Muscles at the Ankle

A

Tibialis Anterior - Dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius - Plantar Flexion

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19
Q

Muscles at the Waist

A

Abdominals - Flexion

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20
Q

What is a Synovial Joint

A

Joint that allows a wide range of movement

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21
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Releases synovial fluid that lubricates the joint - allowing it to move more easy

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22
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Lubricates joint

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23
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Surrounds the synovial membrane, sealing joint space and providing stability to the joint. Made from tough,fibrous tissue

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24
Q

Bursae

A

Sac of fluid that reduces friction between bones and tissue around the joint

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25
Cartilage
Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement by absorbing shock and preventing friction between bones.
26
Ligaments
Holds bones together to restrict how much joints can move. Helps maintain stability and prevents dislocation. Made of tough fibrous tissue
27
What joints are hinge?
Ankle, Elbow and Knee
28
What joints are ball and socket?
Hip and Shoulder
29
What joints does Flexion/Extension take place?
Shoulder, Elbow, Hip and Knee
30
What joints does abduction/adduction take place?
Shoulder
31
What joint does rotation take place at?
Shoulder
32
What joint does circumduction take place at?
Shoulder
33
What joint does plantar Flexion and Dorsiflexion take place at?
Ankle
34
What is the agonist
The muscle that’s contracting
35
What is the antagonist
The muscle that’s relaxing
36
What does contract mean?
Creating tension to apply a force to a bone
37
Isometric contraction
Muscle stays same length , so nothing moves
38
Isotonic Contraction
Muscle changes length so something moves
39
Concentric Contraction
Muscle contracts and shortens. E.g upward phase of bicep curl
40
Eccentric contraction
Muscle contracts and lengthens. E.g downward phase of bicep curl
41
What is the pathway of air
Mouth/Nose Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Alveoli
42
What features assist exchange in the alveoli
Large Surface area of alveoli Moist thin walls Short diffusion distance Lots of capillaries Large Blood Supply
43
What is haemoglobin
Found in red blood cells, transports carbon dioxide
44
Oxygen and haemoglobin can combine to make..
Oxyhaemoglobin
45
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart: Thick, muscular wall Small lumen Carry blood under high pressure
46
Veins
Carry blood towards heart: Valves to prevent blood flowing wrong way Large lumen Thin walls
47
Capillaries
Carry blood through body to exchange gases and nutrients with tissues: Very thin walls Narrow Large surface area
48
What is vasoconstriction
Narrowing of blood vessels to restrict amount of blood that can flow in
49
What is vasodilation
Widening of blood vessels to let in more blood
50
Order of Cardiac Cycle
1.Deoxygenated blood into right atrium 2. Then into right ventricle 3.Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood into lungs 4.Gas exchange occurs 5.Pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood back to left atrium 6.Then into left ventricle 7. Ejected and transported to body via aorta
51
What is the equation for Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
52
Mechanics of Breathing- Inhalation
Diaphragm - Contracts Intercostals - Contract Rib cage - Moves upwards Chest Cavity - Expands
53
Mechanics of Breathing- Exhalation
Diaphragm-Relaxes Intercostals-Relax Rib cage- Moves down Chest Cavity- Shrinks
54
Tidal Volume
Amount of air breathed in or out during one breath
55
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Extra volume of air you can breathe in after a normal breath
56
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Extra air you can breathe out after a normal breath
57
Residual Volume
Air that remains in lungs after maximum expiration
58
Aerobic Exercise
Exercise in the presence of oxygen
59
Anaerobic Exercise
Exercise in the absence of enough oxygen or without oxygen
60
Aerobic Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
61
Anaerobic Respiration equation
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy
62
EPOC
Excess Post Exercise Consumption or oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed to remove the lactic acid and recover. Occurs in anaerobic exercise
63
How to repay oxygen debt
Slow down or stop exercise Maintain increase breathing rate after exercise
64
Recovery from vigorous exercise
Cool Down Manipulation of Diet- Rehydrate and carbohydrates for energy Ice baths to prevent DOMS
65
Immediate Effects of Exercise
Hot/Sweaty/Red skin Increase in depth and frequency of breathing Increased Heart Rate
66
Short Term Effects
Tiredness/Fatigue Light headed Nausea DOMS Dizziness
67
Long Term Effects
Body Shape Change Improved Fitness Build muscle strength Improved muscular endurance Improved Speed Improved cardio - vascular endurance Increased size of heart- hypertrophy Lower resting heart rate
68
Diastole
When the heart relaxes and fills with blood
69
Systole
Heart contracts and pumps the blood out

GCSE PE (6 decks)

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