Chapter 1

Question 1

Black Death

Answer 1

When millions of Europeans died of the Black Plague between 1346 and 1350

Question 2

Feudalism

Answer 2

The system of political organization during the middle ages in which the lord owned the land and all others served him

Question 3

Hierarchy

Answer 3

A social system in which status is ranked, and power is concentrated in the higher ranks

Question 4

Manor

Answer 4

a piece of land sometimes called a fief

Question 5

Nobles

Answer 5

Royalty; people who earn their position by birth

Question 6

Serfs

Answer 6

Peasants who worked the land for the lord and were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission

Question 7

Freemen

Answer 7

Peasants who rented land or worked for pay

Question 8

Monastery

Answer 8

Buildings and land in which monks lived and carried out their religious duties

Question 9

Guild

Answer 9

An association of people with similar interests or pursuits; especially a medieval association of merchants

Question 10

Journeymen

Answer 10

A person who has learned a trade and joined a guild

Question 11

Apprentice

Answer 11

A tradesman who is training with a guild

Question 12

Rural

Answer 12

Country or Farmland

Question 13

Urban

Answer 13

City or Town

Question 14

Revolution

Answer 14

Members of lower power overthrow higher power

Question 15

Sumptuary Law

Answer 15

Laws that controlled consumption or how people spent their money

Question 16

Renaissance

Answer 16

Cultural rebirth of classical art

Question 17

Tithe

Answer 17

A portion of crops or percentage of earnings paid to the church

Question 18

During the middle ages, much of European society was organized in a system called ___________.

Answer 18

Feudalism

Question 19

What is the order of the ‘pyramid’ in medieval country life?

Answer 19

Question 20

What did the manorial system look like?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are 8 things peasants had to do if they wanted to stay on the manor?

Answer 21

1) Build roads
2) Clear forests
3) Any work the Lord ordered
4) Cultivate strips of land
5) Give a portion of what they produced to the Lord
6) Pay a tithe to the church
7) Couldn’t leave the manor without the Lord’s permision
8) Plow hay
9) Plant/ harvest crops

Question 22

What are 2 reasons a peasant would want to stay on a manor?

Answer 22

1) Guaranteed crops/farmland
2) Get protection from the knights

Question 23

What are the 3 things feudalism is based on?

Answer 23

Land, loyalty, and duty

Question 24

Why was the church a large land owner?

Answer 24

Becasue they recieved land from the crown

Question 25

How was life for women on manors difficult?

Answer 25

They had to cook, clean, and prepare meals while pregnant and woking the fields

Question 26

What oppurtunities did towns offer serfs?

Answer 26

- Freedom and new oppurtunities - They could do as they wish - Marry whom they pleased - Make money as they could - Move freely - Women could inherit property

Question 27

How could a peasant become a journeyman?

Answer 27

Had to escape for a year and a day from the manor and trade with a guild

Question 28

What are 3 ways women lived different in a town than on a manor?

Answer 28

- They could work at a trade - Go to school if they had lots of money - Become masters of craft

Question 29

How long did the feudal system last?

Answer 29

About 700 years (Started in the Roman Empire and lasted until the Black Plague Outbreak)

Question 30

What is the 100 years war?

Answer 30

A series of conflicts between England and France (lasted almost 100 years)

Question 31

What caused the peasants to revolt in 1337?

Answer 31

High rents and taxes to support the war

Question 32

Between what years did the Black Plague occur?

Answer 32

1346-1350

Question 33

What was the bad part about the Black Death?

Answer 33

- ²/₃ of people died - Many feudal estates went bankrupt - Labour shortages - Regular outbreaks for the next several hundred years

Question 34

What are 5 positives of the Black Death?

Answer 34

1) Nobles that were able to keep their manors rented ot to serfs 2) Serfs were released from their obligations to the lord 3) Bonds that held the feudal society together were slowly coming undone 4) Peasants had the option to stay on the manor or go to town 5) Freemen could ask more money for their labour than before

Question 35

As towns grew, what happened to the use of money?

Answer 35

Money came to use more and more

Question 36

How did people move social levels after the Black Death?

Answer 36

By gaining wealth or skill

Question 37

What are 4 ways a person culd show off their wealth?

Answer 37

- Makeup - Fancy fabrics (velvet, silk, etc.) - Jewels - Dress your servants in fancy clothing

Question 38

What is the heirachy of the church?

Answer 38

Question 39

Where could you send your children if you wanted them to have an excellent education?

Answer 39

To become priests or nuns

Question 40

In what country did the Renaissance begin?

Answer 40

Italy

Question 41

What are the names of 3 famous people people of the renaissance and what did they do.

Answer 41

1) Leonardo da Vinci-Painted the *Mona Lisa* and was an architect, inventor, engineer, and painter 2) Martin Luther-Leader of the Protestant church and translated the bible to German 3) Christine de Pisan-Wrote that women should be allowed more fully in society