Chapter 1

Question 1

Pertaining to an organism’s physical structure.

Answer 1

anatomical

Question 2

The study of humankind, viewed from the perspective of all people and all times.

Answer 2

anthropology

Question 3

Tree-dwelling; adapted to living in the trees.

Answer 3

arboreal

Question 4

The study of past societies and their cultures, especially the material remains of the past, such as tools, food remains, and places where people lived.

Answer 4

archaeology

Question 5

Material objects from past cultures.

Answer 5

artifacts

Question 6

The scientific study of the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture.

Answer 6

biocultural approach

Question 7

The study of human evolution and variation, both past and current.

Answer 7

biological anthropology

Question 8

Walking on two feet.

Answer 8

bipedalism

Question 9

The study of cultures and societies of human beings and their very recent past. Traditional cultural anthropologists study living cultures and present their observations in an ethnography.

Answer 9

cultural anthropology

Question 10

Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person.

Answer 10

culture

Question 11

Evidence gathered to help answer questions, solve problems, and fill gaps in scientific knowledge.

Answer 11

data

Question 12

Verified through observation and experiment.

Answer 12

empirical

Question 13

A specialty within physical anthropology that attempts to identify bodies by examining skeletons.

Answer 13

forensic anthropology

Question 14

A group of extinct and living bipedal primates in the family Hominidae. Includes all humanlike beings that postdate the split between the evolutionary lineage that led to modern humans (Homo) and the lineage that led to living chimpanzees (Pan).

Answer 14

hominids

Question 15

Testable statements that potentially explain specific phenomena observed in the natural world.

Answer 15

hypotheses

Question 16

A set of written or spoken symbols that refer to things (people, places, concepts, etc.) other than themselves.

Answer 16

language

Question 17

The study of language, especially how language is structured, evolution of language, and the social and cultural contexts for language.

Answer 17

linguistic anthropology

Question 18

The part of culture that is expressed as objects that humans use to manipulate environments.

Answer 18

material culture

Question 19

Physical shape and appearance

Answer 19

morphology

Question 20

An upper canine that, as part of a nonhoning chewing mechanism, is not sharpened against the lower third premolar.

Answer 20

nonhoning canine

Question 21

Also called biological anthropology, physical anthropology is the study of human evolution and variation, both past and current.

Answer 21

physical anthropology

Question 22

A group of mammals in the order Primates that have complex behavior, varied forms of locomotion, and a unique suite of traits, including larger brains, forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and reduced snouts.

Answer 22

primates

Question 23

A theory that becomes absolutely true.

Answer 23

scientific law

Question 24

An empirical research method in which data is gathered from observations of phenomena, hypotheses are formulated and tested, and conclusions are drawn that validate or modify the original hypotheses.

Answer 24

scientific method

Question 25

An empirical research method in which data is gathered from observations of phenomena, hypotheses are formulated and tested, and conclusions are drawn that validate or modify the original hypotheses.

Answer 25

scientific method

Question 26

The science of investigating language’s social contexts

Answer 26

sociolinguistics

Question 27

A set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading to their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena.

Answer 27

theory