Chapter 1

Question 1

Considered the first neuroscientists

Answer 1

Cushing and Penfield

Question 2

What work did cushing and penfield do?

Answer 2

looked at patients with epilepsy

cut holes in skull to look at how the brain works

Question 3

some of the first documents showing humans examined the brain was found were

Answer 3

egypt

Question 4

first person to recognize there was some medical use for the brain

Answer 4

hippocrates

Question 5

some of his work is still referenced in modern medicine today
utilized ligature to demonstrate that cranial and peripheral nerves control muscles

Answer 5

galen of pergamon

Question 6

what did galen do?

Answer 6

cut the nerves of the larynx to show it would make a pig stop squealing
believed that emotion and consciousness were found in the heart not the brain

Question 7

became famous for his human anatomy drawings

Answer 7

leonardo da vinci

Question 8

stumbled upon the theory of bioelectricity

Answer 8

luigi galvani

Question 9

came up with a simple idea that the brain was acting as a battery distributing electricity to certain parts of the body

Answer 9

sir richard caton

Question 10

what did scientists thing about the brain originally

Answer 10

that it was one giant cell with a billion different nuclei

Question 11

came up with the silver nitrate stain that revolutionized the neuroscience field

Answer 11

camillo golgi

Question 12

a physician who believed structures on the skull showed how a person was going to behave, also known as phrenology

Answer 12

franz gall

Question 13

took mice and destroyed parts of the brain to see what would happen to rates movement and behavior

Answer 13

jeanne pierre fluorens

Question 14

used patients leborgne and lelong to show certain areas of the brain are connected with speech and understanding speech

Answer 14

brocca and wernicke

Question 15

region destroyed caused person to understand language but not be able to speak

Answer 15

broccas

Question 16

region destroyed caused person to speak but unable to understand what another person was saying

Answer 16

wernicke

Question 17

showed that different parts of the brain look different at the cellular level

Answer 17

brodman

Question 18

who developed the frontal lobotomy

Answer 18

john fulton

Question 19

spontaneous speech

Answer 19

aphasia

Question 20

prosody

Answer 20

musical qualities

Question 21

incorrect words are substituted for correct

Answer 21

paraphasias

Question 22

unintended word is used

Answer 22

semantic

Question 23

smell nerve

Answer 23

olfactory nerve

Question 24

visual nerve

Answer 24

optic nerve

Question 25

pupillary dilation and constriction

Answer 25

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

Question 26

unequal pupils

Answer 26

anisocoria

Question 27

limitation of gaze in either or one or both directions

Answer 27

extraocular eye movement

Question 28

carry sensation from face, anterior scalp, eye, and nasal and oral cavities innervate jaw muscles

Answer 28

tigeminal nerve

Question 29

innervates face muscles and control wrinkle, closing of eyes and lips, control ability to show teeth

Answer 29

facial nerve

Question 30

auditory function, test for vertigo

Answer 30

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 31

swallow reflex, laryngeal strength, control of palate

Answer 31

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

Question 32

innervates tongue muscles

Answer 32

hypoglossal

Question 33

to generate a hole in the skull through the use of an auger

Answer 33

trepanation

Question 34

book of optics

Answer 34

ibn al haytham

Question 35

was one of the first to believe that the brain and the nervous system were the center of the mind and emotion as opposed to the heart

Answer 35

andreas vesalius

Question 36

afferent and efferent conditions

Answer 36

spinal cord

Question 37

autonomic functions including control digestion/breathing/heart rate

Answer 37

medulla oblongata

Question 38

mediator of movement information between cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum

Answer 38

pons

Question 39

controls eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes

Answer 39

midbrain

Question 40

relays information to the cortex

Answer 40

thalamus

Question 41

regulates autonomic, endocrine, and visceral functions

Answer 41

hypothalamus

Question 42

contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 42

diencephalon

Question 43

contains the cerebral cortex where cognitive abilities persist

Answer 43

cerebrum

Question 44

part of the cerebrum responsible for learning and memory

Answer 44

hippocampus

Question 45

short term planning of movement and short term memory and social reciprocity

Answer 45

frontal lobe

Question 46

somatic sensation understanding "oneself" within extrapersonal space

Answer 46

parietal lobe

Question 47

vision

Answer 47

occipital lobe

Question 48

hearing and through the hippocampus learning and memory

Answer 48

temporal lobe