Chapter 2 and beginning of chapter 3

Question 1

two parts of the neuron used for communicating

Answer 1

dendrite and synapse

Question 2

another name for the cell body

Answer 2

soma

Question 3

come in different lengths depending on the size of the organism and how fast information needs to be passed

Answer 3

axon

Question 4

used to breakdown proteins

Answer 4

lysomes

Question 5

says the nervous system is comprised of descrete cells

Answer 5

ramon y cajal

Question 6

flow of information in one direction

Answer 6

principle of dynamic polarization

Question 7

nerve cells do not connect randomly during the formation of networks

Answer 7

connectional specificity

Question 8

where the electricity of the cell/decision of the cell happens, alot of channels that are effected by changes in electric current are found here

Answer 8

axon initial segment

Question 9

first individuals to detect electricity down the axon

Answer 9

hodgkin and huxley

Question 10

three groups of neurons

Answer 10

unipolar
bi polar
multipolar

Question 11

have single primary processes that give rise to many branches

Answer 11

unipolar

Question 12

have an oval soma with two processes

Answer 12

bi polar

Question 13

predominant cell of the vertebrate nervous system

Answer 13

multipolar

Question 14

neuron commonly found in invertebrates

Answer 14

unipolar

Question 15

neuron found commonly for olfactory and in the retina

Answer 15

bipolar

Question 16

unique in that the dendrites and axon fuse together and the cell body is pushed out to one side

Answer 16

pseudo-unipolar cell

Question 17

three functional groups of neurons

Answer 17

sensory
motor
interneurons

Question 18

carry information towards the CNS

Answer 18

sensory neurons

Question 19

carry command information away from the CNS

Answer 19

motor neurons

Question 20

most prevalent type of neurons and are subdivided into classes of relay and local

Answer 20

interneurons

Question 21

glia is greek for what

Answer 21

glue

Question 22

more prevalent than neurons

Answer 22

glial cells

Question 23

two major classes of glia

Answer 23

macroglia and microglia

Question 24

immune system cells of nervous system

Answer 24

microglia

Question 25

small cell body with few cellular processes and form the myelin sheath that insulates neuronal axons typically of one to 30 axons

Answer 25

oligodendrocytes

Question 26

similar in that they form myelin sheaths surrounding individual axon of peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

schwann cells

Question 27

three things insulating axon does

Answer 27

1. increase electrical signal conduction 2. promotion of voltage sensitive ion channels into distinct domains 3. release trophic factors

Question 28

large number of cell processes with small star shaped body

Answer 28

astrocytes

Question 29

found in gray matter and processes end in sheet like appendages

Answer 29

protoplasmic

Question 30

found in white matter. they have long fine processes that contain large bundles of intermediate fibers

Answer 30

fibrous

Question 31

astrocyte functions

Answer 31

``` separation potassium buffers house keeping nourishment tripartite synapse recycling amino acids releasing growth factors ```

Question 32

the stretching of a single muscle activates hundreds of neurons

Answer 32

divergence

Question 33

a single motor neuron receives inputs from 200-450 contacts

Answer 33

convergence

Question 34

example of convergence

Answer 34

Purkinjie cells of cerebellum

Question 35

enhances the effect of the active pathway by suppressing the activity of pathways mediating opposing actions

Answer 35

feed forward inhibition

Question 36

self regulating mechanism

Answer 36

feedback inhibition

Question 37

is potassium or sodium have a higher concentration inside the cell

Answer 37

potassium

Question 38

guy who thought you could inherit intelligence and came up with the idea of twin studies

Answer 38

francis galton

Question 39

a large amount of heritable diseases are...

Answer 39

neurological in nature

Question 40

cytosine and guanine are connected by how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 40

3

Question 41

adenine and thymine are connected by how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 41

2

Question 42

which are kept introns or exons

Answer 42

exons