Chapter 1

Question 1

We need to eat and drink to obtains

Answer 1

nutrients

Question 2

nutrients

• definition
• what do they provide
• 6 classes

Answer 2

• chemical compounds in foods
• fuel for energy, growth and maintenance and to regulate body processes
• carbs, fat protein vitamins, minerals and waterq

Question 3

which 2 nutrients do not provide energy?

-what do they help instead

Answer 3

• water and minerals

- help to regulate body processes including metabolism

Question 4

what is energy measured in?

Answer 4

kilocalories

Question 5

phytochemicals

Answer 5

nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic disease

Question 6

how do we choose our food?

-9 things

Answer 6

1. Taste
2. culture (influenced by env.)
3. social reasons (popcorn during a movie)
4. Trends (sushi, rolled ice cream)
5. cost
6. time
7. convenience
8. habits (dinner at same time each day)
9. emotions

Question 7

Nutrition

Answer 7

the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health

Question 8

what can affects health

-3 things

Answer 8

1. chronic deficiencies
2. excesses of nutrients
3. imbalances of nutrients

Question 9

What does good nutrition play a role in?

Answer 9

reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes

Question 10

what 4 leading causes of death are nutrition related

Answer 10

1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. stroke
4. diabetes

Question 11

Macronutrients

• definition
• 4 examples

Answer 11

• energy yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts

- carbs, lipids, proteins and water

Question 12

Micronutrients

• definition
• 2 examples

Answer 12

• needed in smaller amounts

- vitamins and minerals

Question 13

3 essential nutrients

• what do they provide
• organic or inorganic
• contains 2 atoms
• what contains nitrogen

Answer 13

1. carbs
2. proteins
3. fat
   - energy as kilocalories
   - organic
   - H and O2
   - proteins

Question 14

1 kilocalorie=

Answer 14

the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kg of water 1C

Question 15

How much kcal/g do carbs provide?
-fats?
proteins?
-alcohol?

Answer 15

• 4 kcal/g
• 9 kcal/g
• 4 kcal/g
• 7 kcal/g

Question 16

How do you calculate the amount of energy a food provides

Answer 16

multiply the total grams of a nutrient by the number of calories per gram

Question 17

what do carbs supply?

Answer 17

glucose which is a major energy source

Question 18

Fats

-2 functions

Answer 18

1. cushions organs

2. insulates body to maintain body temp

Question 19

Proteins

-4 functions

Answer 19

1. can provide energy
2. growth and maintenance of muscle, tissues and organs
3. making hormones, enzymes, healthy immune system
4. transporting other nutrients

Question 20

vitamins and minerals

• what are they essential for
• what do they assist with
• which one is organic compounds?
• which one is inorganic substances?

Answer 20

• metabolism
• assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body (vitamin B are coenzymes in carb and fat metabolism)
• vitamins
• minerals

Question 21

Water

-5 functions

Answer 21

1. part of fluid medium inside and outside cells
2. helps chemical reactions, such as those involved in energy production
3. transporting nutrients and O2 to cells and removing waste products
4. lubricant for joints, eyes, mouth, and intestinal tract
5. protective cushion for organs

Question 22

What is the best way to meet your nutrient needs?

Answer 22

By eating a well balanced diet that includes essential nutrients from all 6 classes, fiber and phytochemicals and avoiding supplements if possible

Question 23

When can a supplement be beneficial?

-2 examples

Answer 23

• when nutrient needs are higher (pregnant women need an iron supplement to meet increased needs)
• when diet restrictions exist (lactose in-tolerant)

Question 24

Well balanced diet and supplements

• mutually exclusive?
• can be partnered for good health?

Answer 24

• no

- yes

Question 25

American diet - high in 3 things - low in 3 things

Answer 25

- sodium, saturated fat, calories | - vitamin D, calcium and fiber

Question 26

Obesity and overweight - % of adults overweight; obese - % of children aged 2-5 obese - % of children aged 6-19 obese

Answer 26

- 65% overweight; 36% obese - 12% - 18%

Question 27

2 causes of overweight and obesity

Answer 27

1. consume more calories than needed | 2. burn fewer calories due to sedentary lifestyle

Question 28

2 effects of being overweight and obese

Answer 28

1. increased rate of type 2 diabetes (especially in children), heart disease, cancer and stroke

Question 29

Healthy People 2020 | -focuses on 3 goals

Answer 29

1. eliminate preventable disease 2. improve the health of all social/economic group 3. promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life

Question 30

Genes - definition - made of

Answer 30

- determine you inherited, specific traits | - made of DNA

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

contains the genetic instructions for making proteins that direct activities in the body

Question 32

Nutritional genomics - definition - example

Answer 32

- study of how specific food components affect gene expression in your cells and thereby your health - may help determine the specific dietary combination of fats needed to lower your risk of heart disease based on your unique genetic makeup

Question 33

Scientific method - definition - 3 steps

Answer 33

- process used by scientists to generate sound research findings 1. observe, ask questions, and formulate a hypothesis (idea based on observation) 2. conduct and experiment to test the hypothesis 3. share findings in a peer-reviewed journal

Question 34

Peer reviewed journal

Answer 34

research publication for scientists

Question 35

A hypothesis can lead to a scientific consensus | -4 steps

Answer 35

1. hypothesis supported 2. publish findings 3. develop theory 4. establish consensus

Question 36

Obtaining accurate nutrition info on the internet | -National institutes of health (NIH) 10 questions to consider

Answer 36

1. who runs the site 2. who pays for the site? 3. what is the purpose of the site 4. where does the info come from? 5. what is the basis of the info? 6. How is the info selected? 7. How current is the info? 8. How does the site choose links to other sites? 9. what does the site collect about you and why? 10. How does the site manage interactions with visitors?

Question 37

What do you have to beware of in the real world?

Answer 37

Quackwatchers

Question 38

Quackwatchers - definition - 3 things to beware of

Answer 38

Beware of health quackery and fraud - 1. Promotion and selling of health products and services of questionable validity 2. Salespeople introduce health fears and make false nutrition claims and unrealistic promises and guarantees 3. the FDA's health fraud website helps consumers identify quackery and fraud

Question 39

OTHER NOTES

Answer 39

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