Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
set of instructions stored in memory that a comp follows to perform a task; aka software
program
2
essential to comp; can't do anything without it
software
3
performing tasks given by program
running/executing the program
4
performs mathematical operations
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
5
when CPU's control unit fetches, from main memory, the next instruction in sequence of prgm instructions
fetch
6
when instruction is encoded into a form of a #, the control unit ___ the instruction and generates an electronic signal
decode
7
when electrical signal is routed to appropriate component of a comp (ALU, disk drive, etc), causes component to perform an operation
execute
8
computer's work area, where comp stores a program while prgrm is running as well as data prgm is working w/; only used for temporary storage while program is running; volatile; contents erased when comp turned off
random-access memory (RAM)
9
tiny storage location; con hold a letter or small #; composed of 8 smaller units
byte
10
tiny electrical components that hold either a (+)/on or (-)/off charge
bit
11
unique number assigned to a byte; ordered from lowest to highest
address
12
device that collects info and sends it to comp
input device
13
device to which info is sent, formats and presents info
output device
14
info comp collects from outside world
input
15
info comp sends to outside world
output
16
prgrms that control and manage basic operations of a comp; includes operating systems, utility programs, and software devment tools
system software
17
most fundamental set of prgms on comp; controls internal operations of comp's hardware, manages all devices connected to comp; allows data to be sent and retrieved, and allows prgms to run on comp
operating systems
18
prgrms that make comp useful for everyday tasks
application software
19
instructions for a program; set of well-defined steps for performing task or solving prblm
algorithm
20
uses binary numbers vs uses words
machine lang vs human lang
21
written on one type of comp and can run on many other types of systems only after a simple recompilation
portability
22
what C++ is written in
text editor
23
statements written by prgmr and file statements are saved in
source code and source file
24
process source code goes through
source code -> preprocessor -> modified source code -> compiler -> object code -> linker -> executable code
25
prgrm that reads source code; searches for #symbol/____ directives; modifies source code
preprocessor
26
goes thru preprocessed code, translating each instruction into appropriate machine lang instruction; uncovers syntax errors
compiler
27
combines object file with necessary run-time library routines
linker
28
named storage location in comp's memory for holding a piece of info; info may change while prgm is running; symbolic names that rep locations in com's RAM
variable
29
