Chapter 1

Question 1

set of instructions stored in memory that a comp follows to perform a task; aka software

Answer 1

program

Question 2

essential to comp; can’t do anything without it

Answer 2

software

Question 3

performing tasks given by program

Answer 3

running/executing the program

Question 4

performs mathematical operations

Answer 4

arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

Question 5

when CPU’s control unit fetches, from main memory, the next instruction in sequence of prgm instructions

Answer 5

fetch

Question 6

when instruction is encoded into a form of a #, the control unit ___ the instruction and generates an electronic signal

Answer 6

decode

Question 7

when electrical signal is routed to appropriate component of a comp (ALU, disk drive, etc), causes component to perform an operation

Answer 7

execute

Question 8

computer’s work area, where comp stores a program while prgrm is running as well as data prgm is working w/; only used for temporary storage while program is running; volatile; contents erased when comp turned off

Answer 8

random-access memory (RAM)

Question 9

tiny storage location; con hold a letter or small #; composed of 8 smaller units

Answer 9

byte

Question 10

tiny electrical components that hold either a (+)/on or (-)/off charge

Answer 10

bit

Question 11

unique number assigned to a byte; ordered from lowest to highest

Answer 11

address

Question 12

device that collects info and sends it to comp

Answer 12

input device

Question 13

device to which info is sent, formats and presents info

Answer 13

output device

Question 14

info comp collects from outside world

Answer 14

input

Question 15

info comp sends to outside world

Answer 15

output

Question 16

prgrms that control and manage basic operations of a comp; includes operating systems, utility programs, and software devment tools

Answer 16

system software

Question 17

most fundamental set of prgms on comp; controls internal operations of comp’s hardware, manages all devices connected to comp; allows data to be sent and retrieved, and allows prgms to run on comp

Answer 17

operating systems

Question 18

prgrms that make comp useful for everyday tasks

Answer 18

application software

Question 19

instructions for a program; set of well-defined steps for performing task or solving prblm

Answer 19

algorithm

Question 20

uses binary numbers vs uses words

Answer 20

machine lang vs human lang

Question 21

written on one type of comp and can run on many other types of systems only after a simple recompilation

Answer 21

portability

Question 22

what C++ is written in

Answer 22

text editor

Question 23

statements written by prgmr and file statements are saved in

Answer 23

source code and source file

Question 24

process source code goes through

Answer 24

source code -> preprocessor -> modified source code -> compiler -> object code -> linker -> executable code

Question 25

prgrm that reads source code; searches for #symbol/____ directives; modifies source code

Answer 25

preprocessor

Question 26

goes thru preprocessed code, translating each instruction into appropriate machine lang instruction; uncovers syntax errors

Answer 26

compiler

Question 27

combines object file with necessary run-time library routines

Answer 27

linker

Question 28

named storage location in comp's memory for holding a piece of info; info may change while prgm is running; symbolic names that rep locations in com's RAM

Answer 28

variable

Question 29

3 step process of comp prgms

Answer 29

1) gathering input 2) performing some process on that info 3) producing output