Chapter 1

Question 1

Meta analysis

Answer 1

Technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends

Question 2

Statistically significant

Answer 2

Mathematical indication that research results are not very likely to have occurred by chance

Question 3

Statistics

Answer 3

Branch of mathematics used to organize, sunrise, and interpret data

Question 4

Operational definition

Answer 4

Precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured

Question 5

Empirical evidence

Answer 5

Verifiable evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, and/or experimentation

Question 6

Behaviorism

Answer 6

Scientific study of observable behaviors especially as they pertain to the process of learning

Question 7

Psychoanalysis

Answer 7

Psychotherapy in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

Emphasizes the purpose, or function of behavior and mental experiences

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

Emphasizes basic components, or structures, conscience experiences

Question 10

Dependant variable

Answer 10

Factor that is observed. What is influenced by the independent variable

Question 11

Independent variable

Answer 11

Purposefully manipulated factor thought to produce change in an experiment

Question 12

Double-blind study

Answer 12

Neither the participants nor the researchers interacting with the participants are aware of the group or condition which the participants have been assigned

Question 13

Random Assignment

Answer 13

Process of assigning participants to experimental conditions so that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions or groups in the study

Question 14

Experimental method

Answer 14

Demonstrates cause and effect relationships by purposefully manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor

Question 15

Representative sample

Answer 15

Selected segment that very closely parallels the larger population being studied up on relevant characteristics

Question 16

Sample

Answer 16

A selected segment of the population used to represent the group that is being studied

Question 17

Descriptive research methods

Answer 17

Systematically observing behaviors in order to describe the relationship among behaviors and events

Question 18

Confounding variable

Answer 18

Anything that can affect the experiment that is not the independent variable

Question 19

Naturalistic observation

Answer 19

Observing something in its natural environment

Question 20

Case studies

Answer 20

Fairly small group of people or studied for a long time

Question 21

Longitudinal studies

Answer 21

Very thorough study over a long period of time

Question 22

Cross sectional studies

Answer 22

A study that is fast and uses different people

Question 23

Correlation Study

Answer 23

Links two or more variables that are positive or negative. Correlation does not equal cause you cannot get a class from correlation studies

Question 24

Debriefing

Answer 24

interview between the researcher and the subjects whereby all elements of the study are discussed in detail.

Question 25

Parsimony

Answer 25

Simplest explanation is best answer

Question 26

Behaviorism psychologist

Answer 26

Skinner, Pavlov, Watson

Question 27

Humanism psychologist

Answer 27

Rogers, Maslow

Question 28

Humanistic psychology

Answer 28

The theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people human potential self actualization and healthy personality development

Question 29

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 29

The application of principles of evolution including natural selection to explain psychological processes and phenomena billions of years of evolving

Question 30

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 30

Emphasizes the importance of unconscious influences, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior

Question 31

Cognitive psychology

Answer 31

The study of how mental processes influence behavior – how people process and remember information, remember information solve problems and think

Question 32

Biological

Answer 32

Specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and symptoms

Question 33

Cross-cultural psychology

Answer 33

Branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes

Question 34

Structuralism psychologist

Answer 34

Wudnt and Titchner

Question 35

Functionalism psychologist

Answer 35

James

Question 36

Psycho analysis psychologist

Answer 36

Freud

Question 37

Father of psychology

Answer 37

William wudnt

Question 38

John Locke

Answer 38

Came up with the scientific method