Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
The study of structure and form
A
Anatomy
2
Q
Microscopy anatomy includes _____, the study of cells, and _____, the study of tissues.
A
Cytology and Histology
3
Q
The type of gross anatomy that studies a group of organs that work together for a specific purpose
A
Systemic anatomy
4
Q
The type of gross anatomy that studies all the
structures found in a body area
A
Regional anatomy
5
Q
The type of gross anatomy that relates internal
structures to superficial body markers
A
Surface anatomy
6
Q
The type of gross anatomy that is the study of
images derived from exposing the body to various
types of energy such as X-rays, magnetic or
ultrasound waves
A
Imaging anatomy
7
Q
Study of similarities and differences among species
A
Comparative anatomy
8
Q
Study of changes occurring from conception to birth
A
Embryology
9
Q
Study of abnormal anatomy resulting from a
disease or damage
A
Pathology
10
Q
The study of abnormal tissues resulting from a
disease or damage
A
Histopathology
11
Q
The study of the function of cells, tissues, organs,
organ systems and the organism as a whole
A
Physiology
12
Q
The study of the abnormal function of cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems and the organism as a
result of disease or damage
A
Pathophysiology
13
Q
True or false: everyone’s physiology is the same.
A
FALSE! There is normal physiological
variation
14
Q
Structure and function fit together. The term for
this is
A
Complimentary of structure and
function
15
Q
Anatomy determines
A
Physiology
16
Q
Form and structure determine
A
Function
17
Q
Organization, metabolism, growth development,
responsiveness, regulation, reproduction are all…
A
The characteristics common to all living
things
18
Q
Energy-requiring metabolism that synthesizes
large molecules from smaller molecules
A
Anabolism
19
Q
Energy-releasing metabolism that breaks down
large molecules into smaller molecules
A
Catabolism
20
Q
Characteristic of life; maintaining order, especially
an outer boundary between inside and outside
A
Organization
21
Q
Processes that make and break down nutrients,
using and releasing energy
A
Metabolism
22
Q
Receiving and reacting to stimuli
A
Responsiveness
23
Q
Keeping the internal environment within normal
operating conditions
A
Homeostasis
24
Q
Change over time, from egg to adult
A
Development
25
Increase in size, usually by increasing numbers of
| cells
Growth
26
Producing new individuals
Reproduction
27
This word root means "same."
Homeo
28
This word root means "standing" or "stopping."
Stasis
29
A group of cell with a similar function
Tissue
30
Several different tissues organized to accomplish a
| specific function
Organ
31
The correct order of complexity, from smallest to
| largest
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs,
| systems, organisms
32
Organ system providing protection from
dehydration, synthesis of vitamin D, external
sensation, protection and aids in body temperature
regulation
Integumentary system
33
Organ system producing movement and heat
| generation
Muscle system
34
Organ system providing blood cell production,
support, protection of soft organs, calcium and
phosphorus storage
Skeletal system
35
One of two major control systems responsible for
body movement, response to sensory stimuli and
consciousness
Nervous system
36
One of two major control systems responsible for
regulation of development, growth, metabolism and
reproduction
Endocrine system
37
Organ system that is the primary site of immune
responses and returns fluid to the cardiovascular
system
Lymphatic system
38
Organ system that moves blood throughout the
| body and aids in body temperature regulation
Cardiovascular system
39
Organ system responsible for gas exchange
| between the blood and air
Respiratory system
40
Organ system responsible for removing wastes
| from the blood
Urinary system
41
Organ system responsible for absorbing nutrients
| into the body
Digestive system
42
Organ system responsible for producing sex cells
| and creating offspring
Reproductive system
43
Body position used as a point of common
| reference
Anatomic position
44
Description of anatomic position
Face forward, feet flat, arms at the side
| with the palms facing anteriorly
45
An imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Body plane
46
An actual cut or slice into the body
Body section
47
Divides the body into front (anterior) and back
| (posterior) portions
Coronal or frontal plane
48
Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom
| (inferior) portions
Transverse or horizontal plane, or cross
| section
49
Divides the body into equal right and left halves
Midsagittal plane
50
Divides the body into right and left sides (also
| called parasagittal)
Sagittal plane
51
Divides the structure at an angle
Oblique
52
Front of body
anterior or ventral
53
Top of body
superior or cephalad
54
Back of body
dorsal or posterior
55
Bottom of body
inferior or caudad
56
Midline of body
medial
57
Either side of body
lateral
58
Closer to origin of a body part
Proximal
59
Farther from origin of a body part
Distal
60
Close to the surface
superficial
61
Far from the surface, in the body's interior
Deep
62
Anatomical term for head
Cephalic
63
Anatomical term for forehead
Frontal
64
Anatomical term for eye
Orbital
65
Anatomical term for cheek
Buccal
66
Anatomical term for chin
Mental
67
Anatomical term for nose
Nasal
68
Anatomical term for mouth
Oral
69
Anatomical term for neck
Cervical
70
Anatomical term for breast bone
Sternal
71
Anatomical term for chest
Pectoral
72
Anatomical term for breast
Mammary
73
Anatomical term for belly
Abdominal
74
Anatomical term for hip girdle
Pelvic
75
Anatomical term for groin
Inguinal
76
Anatomical term for anterior region of pelvis
Pubic
77
Anatomical term for shoulder
deltoid or acromion
78
Anatomical term for armpit
Axillary
79
Anatomical term for arm (shoulder to elbow)
brachial
80
Anatomical term for anterior region of elbow
Antecubital or cubital
81
Anatomical term for forearm (elbow to wrist)
antebrachial
82
Anatomical term for hip
coxal
83
Anatomical term for wrist
carpal
84
Anatomical term for anterior surface of hand
Palmar
85
Anatomical term for finger or toe
digital or phalangeal
86
Anatomical term for thigh (hip to knee)
Femoral
87
Anatomical term for knee cap
Patellar
88
Anatomical term for leg (knee to ankle)
Crural
89
Anatomical term for foot
pes or pedal
90
Anatomical term for ankle
tarsal
91
Anatomical term for skull
Cranial
92
Anatomical term for outer, visible ear
auricular
93
Anatomical term for chest or thorax
Thoracic
94
Anatomical term for posterior elbow
Olecranal
95
Anatomical term for posterior region between the
| hip bones
Sacral
96
Anatomical term for buttock
Gluteal
97
Anatomical term for calf
Sural
98
Anatomical term for heel
Calcaneal
99
Anatomical term for sole of foot
Plantar
100
Anatomical term for posterior head
Occipital
101
Anatomical term for lower back or loins
Lumbar
102
Anatomical term for hand
Manus
103
Anatomical term for region between legs;
| contains anus and external reproductive organs
Perineal
104
Anatomical term for posterior surface of knee
Popliteal
105
Anatomical term for lateral side of forearm
radial
106
Anatomical term for medial side of forearm
Ulnar
107
Anatomical term for shoulder blade
Scapular
108
Anatomical term for face
Facial
109
Anatomical term for rib
Costal
110
Anatomical term for navel
Umbilical
111
Anatomical term for spinal column
Vertebral
112
The posterior aspect of the body includes the
____ cavity containing the brain and the _____ canal
containing the spinal cord
cranial and vertebral
113
The ____ divides the ventral cavity into the
| thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
diaphragm
114
The _____ divides the thoracic cavity into right
| and left pleural cavities
mediastinum
115
The _____ cavity is found in the inferior portion of
| the mediastinum
pericardial
116
The _____ cavities contain the lungs
Pleural
117
The pericardial cavity contains the:
Heart
118
This subdivision of the ventral cavity is not
physically divided from the cavity above it; its
boundary is made mostly by the hip bones
Pelvic Cavity
119
These line all the subdivisions of the ventral
| cavity.
Serous Membranes
120
The ____ layer of a serous membrane lines the
| walls of the ventral cavity subdivisions.
parietal
121
The _____ layer of a serous membrane covers the organs contained in the subdivisions of the ventral cavity.
Visceral
122
This serous membrane is found in the abdominopelvic cavity.
peritoneum (peritoneal serous membrane)
123
The terminal portions of the large intestine and ureters, the urinary bladder and internal reproductive system are in the _____ cavity.
pelvic
124
Effect of high surface tension of pleural fluid around the lungs
Keeps the lung inflated as it clings to the thoracic wall
125
This watery secretion of ventral cavity membranes reduces friction as organs move within the cavity.
serous fluid
126
The middle three abdominopelvic regions are, from superior to inferior:
epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
127
On both left and right, the lateral abdominopelvic regions, from superior to inferior:
hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac
128
The landmark used to divide the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants
umbilicus
129
Most of the stomach is located in the ____ quadrant.
Upper Left
130
Most of the liver is located in the ____ quadrant.
Upper Right
131
The appendix is usually located in the _____ quadrant.
lower right
132
Changes in a variable that can be regulated is the ___ portion of a homeostatic system.
stimulus
133
The components of a homeostatic system include
Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response
134
The element of a homeostatic system that detects changes in the body
Receptor
135
The element of the homeostatic system that interprets input from the receptor:
Control center
136
The element of the homeostatic system that brings about a change to the stimulus:
Effector
137
The result of the action of a homeostatic system
Response
138
Homeostatic mechanisms regulated by _____ _____ fluctuate around a set point value, keeping the value in a normal range
negative feedback
139
A measured value within the ___________ is at an acceptable level.
normal range
140
Normal range of human blood pH
7.35 - 7.45
141
Normal range of human blood glucose
80 - 110 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
142
This mechanism occurs when a stimulus results in an opposite response
negative feedback
143
This mechanism is shown in a graph with a line that changes direction.
negative feedback
144
Environmental changes may be detected primarily by
External sensory receptors
145
This feedback mechanism continues the change in the stimulus in the same direction.
positive feedback
146
This feedback mechanism will stop only when the stimulus is removed or the body’s response ability is exhausted.
positive feedback
147
In homeostatic mechanisms is the control center is usually in the ____ system or the _____ system.
nervous or endocrine
148
A ______ involves determining the specific cause of a homeostatic imbalance.
diagnosis
149
Homeostatic mechanisms maintaining values within normal ranges generally describe a ______ person.
Healthy
