Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, physiology is the study of the function.

Question 2

What are the levels of organization within the body?

Answer 2

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal

Question 3

What is the point of homeostasis?

Answer 3

To maintain a stable internal condition in a changing outside environment.

Question 4

What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?

Answer 4

Disease or death if it cannot be rectified by feedback

Question 5

How many organ systems are there? What are they?

Answer 5

11 - Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Urinary, Reproductive, Digestive, Endocrine, Respiratory, and Nervous.

Question 6

What is axial vs. appendicular?

Answer 6

Axial is the head, neck, and trunk; appendicular is the limbs (including shoulders and hips).

Question 7

Which organ system removes waste from the blood? Which organ of the system does the job?

Answer 7

The urinary - kidneys

Question 8

What are the two major control systems of the body? What are the differences between the two?

Answer 8

Endocrine uses hormones and is slower; nervous is very quick and uses electrical

Question 9

What is the only organ system that can be in different forms?

Answer 9

Reproductive

Question 10

What are some of the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 10

It drains excess fluid from tissues and stores white blood cells (leokocytes).

Question 11

What is the difference between the following planes: Sagittal, Midsagittal, Transverse, and Frontal?

Answer 11

Sigittal is a cut that divides the body in two sideways (left and right); midsagittal is a cut between the eyes dividing the body into two relatively equal sides; Frontal divides the body into back and front; Transverse divides the body into top and bottom (at any point).

Question 12

What are the 5 pairs of directional terms?

Answer 12

Proximal vs. Distal; Superficial vs. Deep; Anterior vs. Posterior; Superior/Cranial vs. Inferior/Caudal; and Lateral vs. Medial vs. Intermediate.

Question 13

The nose is _______ to the umbilicus (choose directional terms)

Answer 13

The nose is superior to the umbilicus

Question 14

The wrist is ______ to the shoulder

Answer 14

Distal (farther from the trunk than the shoulder)

Question 15

The knee is _______ to the foot

Answer 15

Proximal (closer to the trunk than the foot)

Question 16

The eyes are ______ to the nose and ears

Answer 16

Intermediate (as one eye lies between the medial [nose] and lateral [ear])

Question 17

What are the two major body cavities?

Answer 17

Dorsal, Ventral

Question 18

The nose is ______ to the buttocks

Answer 18

Anterior, Superior

Question 19

The shoulder is _________ to the chin

Answer 19

Lateral, posterior, inferior

Question 20

What are the two cavities that contain only one organ?

Answer 20

Cranial, Vertebral

Question 21

How are the two major cavities subdivided?

Answer 21

Dorsal = Cranial, Vertebral; Ventral = Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

Question 22

The anatomical terms for the anterior head are

Answer 22

Orbital (eye), Buccal (cheek), Oral (mouth), Nasal (nose), Mental (chin), and Frontal (forehead)

Question 23

What are the anatomical terms of the hip to the toes?

Answer 23

Coxal (hip), Femoral (thigh), Patellar (anterior knee), Popliteal (back of knee), Crural (front of lower leg), Sural (calf), Fibular/Peroneal (side of lower leg), Tarsal (ankle), Calcaneal (heel), Pedal (foot), Hallux (great toe) and Digital (toes), Plantar (sole).

Question 24

What three anterior areas on the trunk are inferior to the umbilical region?

Answer 24

Pelvic (pelvis), Inguinal (groin), Pubic (genital region)

Question 25

In the levels of organization, what is the chemical level?

Answer 25

Atoms combine to form molecules

Question 26

What is the cellular level of organization?

Answer 26

Molecules form to create cells

Question 27

What is the tissue level of organization?

Answer 27

Cells with a common function combine to form tissues

Question 28

What is an organ?

Answer 28

A discrete structure composed of TWO OR MORE tissue types

Question 29

What is the minimum number of tissue types in an organ?

Answer 29

Two

Question 30

What is an organ system?

Answer 30

Multiple organs work together for a common purpose (filtration, reproduction, digestion, etc.)

Question 31

What is the organismal level?

Answer 31

The entirety of the being

Question 32

Even though the body appears to remain the same from moment to moment, it takes _____ on the part of the body to _______ ________.

Answer 32

Even though the body appears the same from moment to moment, it takes EFFORT/ENERGY on the part of the body to MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.

Question 33

What is the function of the Integumentary System? What are some parts that make it up?

Answer 33

It protects deeper tissues, protects the body from the outside world, and is made up of hair, nails, skin, and some glands.

Question 34

What are some major jobs of the skeletal system? What makes it up? What special unexpected job does it do for us?

Answer 34

It protects important organs, provides structure and support, allows for movement in combination with muscle, and produces blood cells. It contains the bones and joints.

Question 35

The muscular system allows for what? It works with what system?

Answer 35

Movement of the body, combined with the skeletal system, along with involuntary movements like heartbeats and digestion.

Question 36

The nervous system and the endocrine system are what?

Answer 36

The two major control systems of the body.

Question 37

What is a function of the nervous system?

Answer 37

It uses ELECTRICAL signals to quickly adjust body processes. (milliseconds to seconds)

Question 38

What is a function of the endocrine system?

Answer 38

It uses hormones or CHEMICAL signals to allow for slower changes (minutes to years) in the body like growth.

Question 39

What are some of the parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 39

pituitary gland, thyroid, thalamus, pancreas, adrenal, hypothalamus

Question 40

What are the parts of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 40

Blood, heart, vascular (vessels that move blood through the body)

Question 41

is O2 diastolic or systolic?

Answer 41

diastolic

Question 42

What is the Lymphatic System composed of?

Answer 42

Lymphoid vessels and lymphoid tissues

Question 43

Are there more blood vessels or lymphatic vessels?

Answer 43

Lymphatic vessels

Question 44

What are some of the parts in the Lymphatic System?

Answer 44

Tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, vessels

Question 45

What is the respiratory system used for?

Answer 45

Gas exchange (CO2 for O2), eliminating waste gases

Question 46

How does gas exchange occur in the lungs? (Basic)

Answer 46

Air travels through the bronchi to reach alveoli sacs in the lungs

Question 47

Where are nutrients absorbed in the digestive tract?

Answer 47

In the small intestine

Question 48

Which body system eliminates indigestible material?

Answer 48

Digestive

Question 49

What are some of the major parts of the Digestive System?

Answer 49

Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Esophagus

Question 50

What is the job of the Digestive System?

Answer 50

It breaks down food into absorbable sizes and eliminates solid waste

Question 51

What are some parts of the Urinary System?

Answer 51

Kidneys, Ureter, Urethra, Bladder

Question 52

The kidneys produce urine by filtering________

Answer 52

Blood Plasma

Question 53

Which system regulates water and electrolyte/ion balance?

Answer 53

Urinary

Question 54

What type of waste does the Urinary System eliminate?

Answer 54

Chemical

Question 55

What are the main reproductive organs in male and female?

Answer 55

Testes or copulatory organ in males, Ovaries (produces eggs) and Uterus (holds developing fetus) in females