Chapter 5 - Integumentary

Question 1

What is the description of the Stratum lucidum?

Answer 1

A thin, translucent band consisting of a two to three rows of clear, flat, dead, keratinocytes

Question 2

What are Melanocytes responsible for?

Answer 2

Skin pigment

Question 3

What are Dendritic (Langerhans) cells?

Answer 3

They activate the immune system (in skin)

Question 4

Which of the following lists the layers of the EPIDERMIS in thick skin in the correct order from DEEP to SUPERFICIAL?

Answer 4

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (thick skin has 5 layers)

Question 5

What is a description of a stratum basale?

Answer 5

Single row of cells mainly composed of keratinocyte stem cells. The deepest and most active layer of the epidermis.

Question 6

What are 4 functions of hair?

Answer 6

Provides sun protection on the scalp, Protects against trauma on the scalp, filtration of particles into wet membranes (nose hair and eyelashes) and enables us to feel insects on our skin before they sting or bite

Question 7

T or F: Hair is a source of warmth for humans

Answer 7

False, we do not have enough hair to provide significant temperature control

Question 8

T or F: Hair is a source of warmth for humans

Answer 8

False, we do not have enough hair to provide significant temperature control

Question 9

What are the 4 layers of thin skin EPIDERMIS from superficial to deep?

Answer 9

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 10

The most common (and least malignant) type of cancer arises in what layer of skin?

Answer 10

Stratum basale (basal cell carcinoma) *Remember, cancer occurs fast in cells that reproduce at the highest rates, so since the basale divides quickly to refill upper layers, it is more prone to cancer than other layers of the epidermis.*

Question 11

T or F: Exposure to UV radiation may damage folate that circulates in the blood within skin. Folate is an important B vitamin that is important for the reduction in neural tube defects in pregnant women.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

What epidermal component possesses a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss?

Answer 12

Lamellar granules

Question 13

Which of the following cells function as sensory receptors for touch?

Answer 13

Merkel cells

Question 15

Where are horny cells found and what are they?

Answer 15

They are found in the stratum corneum (horny layer) and are cells that are dead but their supporting fibers poke out of the collapsing cell, giving it a horned look.

Question 16

Name some facts about the stratum corneum

Answer 16

1. Superficial layer of the epidermis
2. Full of dead cells (keratinocytes)
3. Held together by desmosomes (or corneodesmosomes)
4. Continuously being shed
5. Composed of thin squamous cells

Question 17

Bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle; responsible for producing goose bumps

Answer 17

Arrector Pili

Question 18

White, crescent-shaped area under the nail’s proximal region

Answer 18

Lunule

Question 19

True or False:

Hair’s main function in humans is to sense insects on the skin before they bite or sting us.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Excessive hairiness is also known as…

Answer 20

hirsutism

Question 21

If an individual was unable to produce sebum, what problem would they most likely develop?

Answer 21

Their hair would become brittle and break easily

Question 22

When do apocrine glands begin functioning?

Answer 22

Puberty

Question 23

The expanded, deep region of a hair follicle is called…

Answer 23

Hair bulb

Question 24

What type of disease may cause hirsutism in women?

Answer 24

Tumors of the adrenal or ovaries

Question 25

What are some functions of sebum?

Answer 25

* Sebum softens and lubricates the hair and skin, * prevents hair from becoming brittle, and * slows water loss from the skin when external humidity is low. * Perhaps even more important is its bactericidal (bacteriumkilling) action.

Question 26

Apocrine sweat is often.... in color

Answer 26

Milky or yellowish

Question 27

Where do apocrine ducts excrete their products?

Answer 27

The ducts empty into hair follicles

Question 28

True or false: We have over 1,000,000 apocrine sweat glands over our entire bodies.

Answer 28

False; Apocrine sweat glands are almost entirely in the axillary and anal/genital regions and number about 2,000.

Question 29

What do eccrine glands excrete?

Answer 29

Sweat: a hypotonic filtrate of the blood (**99% water** with traces of salt, vitamin C, antibodies, metabolic wastes, and lactic acid)

Question 30

The actively growing part of the nail is called the...

Answer 30

Nail matrix

Question 31

The role of ceruminous glands is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

earwax

Question 32

Sebaceous glands are found...

Answer 32

All over the body except for the palms and the soils

Question 33

Epidermis on which the nail rests

Answer 33

Nail bed

Question 34

Mammary glands are found in the...

Answer 34

Pectoral region

Question 35

Alopecia areata is...

Answer 35

A rare condition where hair follicles are attacked by the immune system, causing the hair to fall out in patches

Question 36

Free edge

Answer 36

Distal edge of the nail

Question 37

Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas, except the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

body hair of females

Question 38

What is vellus?

Answer 38

Vellus hair is the fine, soft hair of children and body hair of women

Question 39

True or False? Sweat is a hypertonic solution compared to plasma, containing high amounts of sodium.

Answer 39

False. Sweat is hypotonic and 99% water.

Question 40

True or False? The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system regulates sweating.

Answer 40

True!

Question 41

Alopecia is...

Answer 41

Loss of hair

Question 42

Which of the following can lead to hair loss? 1. Severe emotional trauma 2. Fever 3. Excessive Vitamin A 4. None of these 5. All of these

Answer 42

All of these

Question 43

Sudoriferous glands produce what?

Answer 43

Sweat

Question 44

White, crescent-shaped area under the nail's proximal region is the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

Lunule

Question 45

True or False: Nails are primarily used to protect the capillary beds in the tip of the fingers and toes.

Answer 45

False. Human nails correspond to the hooves or claws of other animals, and are essentially tools for picking things up!

Question 46

Horizontal lines (Beau’s lines) across the nails may hint of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

Malnutrition

Question 47

Yellow tinged nails can be a sign of what disorders?

Answer 47

Thyroid gland or respiratory disorders

Question 48

Emotionally induced sweating begins on the \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and ______ before spreading to other areas of the body.

Answer 48

Palms, Soles, and Armpits/Axillary region

Question 49

Where does heat-induced sweating begin?

Answer 49

Heat-induced sweating begins on the forehead and spreads inferiorly over the remainder of the body.

Question 50

True or False: Apocrine sudoriferous sweat glands are found in the pectoral region only

Answer 50

False: Apocrine sudoriferous glands are found in the axillary, anal and genital regions

Question 51

The actively growing part of the nail is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

Nail matrix

Question 52

A patient comes in and you notice her nails have a distinct spoon shape. What might you test for?

Answer 52

Iron deficiency

Question 53

The area under the free edge of the nail, is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_, also called the "quick".

Answer 53

Hyponychium Hypo=below Nychium = nail

Question 54

The coarser, longer hair of the eyebrows and scalp is __________ and grows in response to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 54

Terminus hair; androgens