Chapter 1 Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

Def. : The modern process of scientific inquiry, leading to the acquisition of new knowledge or the correction and integration of old knowledge, based on observation, prediction and experimentation

A

Scientific Method

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2
Q

Def. : A proposed explanation for a phenomenon or of an observation, usually based on available evidence and previous observation, that generates testable predictions

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

Def. : A statement of what will happen, assuming that the hypothesis is correct

A

Prediction

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4
Q

Def. : An experimental variable whose change is independent of the experiment, whose change you control

A

Independent variable

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5
Q

def.:An experimental variable whose change depends on the experiment, whose change you don’t control

A

Dependent variable

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6
Q

def. : Any independent variable that you hold constant rather than change, so as to assess the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable

A

Control variable

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7
Q

def. : information that we collect from a primary source, like using our senses or measuring equipment, as opposed to information collected by someone else

A

Observation

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8
Q

def. : Information that we collect with the intention of representing graphically or visually

A

Data

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9
Q

def. : The act of drawing a conclusion based on evidence known or assumed to be true, that allows for indirect understanding

A

Inference

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10
Q

def. Any aspect of experimental design or equipment that negatively affects results, over which you have no control

A

sources of error

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11
Q

What is the difference between mistakes and sources of error?

A

A mistake is avoidable and sources of error can just be reduced

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12
Q

def. : An explanation of some aspect of the natural world, developed through the scientific method, based on rigorous observation and experimentation

A

scientific theory

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13
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A
hypothesis= proposed explanation 
theory= accepted explanation
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14
Q

def. : A visual aide that represents or simulates something that is difficult or impossible to observe directly, based on current scientific theory

A

Scientific model

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15
Q

def. : A summary of experimental evidence, stating that the outcome will always be the same under set conditions, but without offering a mechanism for or an explanation of a phenomena

A

Scientific law

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16
Q

What are some similarities between scientific law and theories?

A
  • both are based on experimental results and observations

- both make predictions that can be tested

17
Q

What are some differences between scientific laws and theories?

A

-A theory explains why something happens, while a law simply
states that it will
-• If a theory’s prediction is false, we modify the theory
• If a law’s prediction is false, we discard the law

18
Q

def. : A way of representing numbers in exponential form, that are too big or too small to conveniently write in decimal form

A

Scientific notation

19
Q

def. : A single straight line that best fits the graphed data

A

best-fit line