Chapter 4

Question 1

Two non-metals combine to form what?

Answer 1

a covalent compund

Question 2

A metal and a non-metal combine to make what?

Answer 2

a binary salt

Question 3

a metal oxide and a non-metal oxide combine to form what?

Answer 3

ternary salt

Question 4

A metal oxide and water combine to create what?

Answer 4

a base

Question 5

A non-metal oxide and water combine to form what?

Answer 5

an acid

Question 6

def. A rapid and exothermic reaction between oxygen and a fuel, producing carbon dioxide
and water, along with other oxides, depending on the composition of the fuel

Answer 6

Combustion

Question 7

def. Describes a process that absorbs energy from the surroundings, most commonly in the
form of heat and/or light

Answer 7

endothermic

Question 8

def. A single compound breaks apart, or decomposes, into two or more chemical species

Answer 8

Decomposition

Question 9

def. The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

Answer 9

Activation energy

Question 10

def. Describes a process that releases energy to the surroundings, most commonly in the
form of heat and/or light

Answer 10

exothermic

Question 11

Forming chemical bonds _________ energy to the surroundings

Answer 11

releases

Question 12

Breaking chemical bonds ________ energy

Answer 12

absorbs

Question 13

def. Two or more chemical species combine to form a single compound

Answer 13

Synthesis

Question 14

def. A reaction between a compound and an element in which the element replaces an
element of the same type in the compound, creating a different compound and a different element

Answer 14

Single Replacement

Question 15

def. A ranking of elements according to their reactivities, from most to least reactive

Answer 15

Activity Series

Question 16

The more reactive an element is the ______ likely it is to form a compound

Answer 16

more

Question 17

def. A reaction between two compounds that trade cations (or trade anions) between them

Answer 17

Double Replacement

Question 18

what are three types of double replacement reactions?

Answer 18

• precipitation
• neutralization
• gas formation

Question 19

def. A double replacement reaction between two soluble salts, forming two new salts, one
of which is insoluble, creating a precipitate

Answer 19

Precipitation

Question 20

def. An exothermic double replacement reaction between an acid and a base that always
produces a salt and water

Answer 20

Neutralization

Question 21

AB(aq) + CD(aq) becomes AD(aq) + CB(s)

Answer 21

preciptation

Question 22

HX(aq) + MOH(aq) becomes MX(aq) + H2O(l) + heat

Answer 22

neutralization

Question 23

def. An exothermic double replacement reaction between an acid and a base that always
produces a salt and water

Answer 23

Neutralization

Question 24

def. A double replacement reaction that forms an unstable product which spontaneously
decomposes to a gas and water

Answer 24

Gas formation

Question 25

in a _________ : reaction product spontaneously decomposes | to a gas and water, creating three products

Answer 25

gas formation

Question 26

acid + base becomes salt + water

Answer 26

neutralization

Question 27

in a ________ :one product is soluble, other is an insoluble precipitate

Answer 27

precipitatiion

Question 28

in a _____ : Fuel + oxygen becomes carbon dioxide + water

Answer 28

combustion

Question 29

when does a single replacement occur?

Answer 29

Replacement only occurs if the incoming element is more reactive than the element it will replace in the compound

Question 30

def. A diagram showing how potential energy changes from reactants to products, allowing you to better understand the characteristics of a given reaction

Answer 30

Potential energy diagram

Question 31

What does enthalpy describe?

Answer 31

the total internal energy in a system

Question 32

Can you measure the total energy of a system?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

def. a measure of how much energy a chemical process converts between heat and potential energy

Answer 33

change in enthalpy (ΔH)

Question 34

What's the formula for change in enthalpy?

Answer 34

ΔH = Hproducts–Hreact

Question 35

A negative change in enthalpy signifies what kind of system?

Answer 35

Exothermic

Question 36

A positive change in enthalpy signifies what kind of system?

Answer 36

endothermic

Question 37

def. Forces that exist between individual molecules, either attracting them together, or repelling them apart

Answer 37

Intermolecular forces

Question 38

Changes in __________ forces produce changes in physical form, like changes of state and dissolution, as particles move further apart or closer together

Answer 38

intermolecular

Question 39

def. Attractive forces that exist within a molecule or compound, holding the atoms together (Really just a broader, more general term for chemical bond)

Answer 39

Intramolecular forces

Question 40

Changes in ________ forces produce chemical changes, as existing bonds break and new bonds form, resulting in new and different products

Answer 40

Intramolecular

Question 41

def. One way to measure the strength of a chemical bond, representing the amount of energy released when a bond forms and the amount needed to break it (The higher the bond energy, the stronger the bond)

Answer 41

Bond Energy

Question 42

Once started ________ reactions are self-sustaining , as some of the energy they release provides the energy required for more reactant to reach the activation energy?

Answer 42

Exothermic

Question 43

___________ reactions never have enough energy to reach activation energy on their own, and therefore require a constant input of energy to both start them and maintain their progress

Answer 43

Endothermic

Question 44

def. Any reaction that starts automatically upon mixing the reactants, without the need to add any additional energy to reach activation energy

Answer 44

Spontaneous reaction

Question 45

What two things influence reaction rate?

Answer 45

Catalysts and temperature

Question 46

Both catalysts and an increase in temperature make it _______ for the reactants to reach activation energy, making the reaction easier and the rate ________

Answer 46

easier, faster

Question 47

def. A balanced chemical equation that includes energy as if it were a reactant or a product

Answer 47

Thermochemical equation

Question 48

In an endothermic reaction, energy acts like _____

Answer 48

a reactant

Question 49

in an exothermic reaction, energy acts like a _______

Answer 49

product

Question 50

change in enthalpy is an ________ property

Answer 50

extensive

Question 51

def. An expression of the change in enthalpy alongside, but separate from, a chemical reaction (Uses a positive or negative sign to show energy going in or coming out)

Answer 51

ΔH notation