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Chem 11 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Two non-metals combine to form what?

A

a covalent compund

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2
Q

A metal and a non-metal combine to make what?

A

a binary salt

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3
Q

a metal oxide and a non-metal oxide combine to form what?

A

ternary salt

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4
Q

A metal oxide and water combine to create what?

A

a base

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5
Q

A non-metal oxide and water combine to form what?

A

an acid

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6
Q

def. A rapid and exothermic reaction between oxygen and a fuel, producing carbon dioxide
and water, along with other oxides, depending on the composition of the fuel

A

Combustion

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7
Q

def. Describes a process that absorbs energy from the surroundings, most commonly in the
form of heat and/or light

A

endothermic

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8
Q

def. A single compound breaks apart, or decomposes, into two or more chemical species

A

Decomposition

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9
Q

def. The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

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10
Q

def. Describes a process that releases energy to the surroundings, most commonly in the
form of heat and/or light

A

exothermic

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11
Q

Forming chemical bonds _________ energy to the surroundings

A

releases

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12
Q

Breaking chemical bonds ________ energy

A

absorbs

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13
Q

def. Two or more chemical species combine to form a single compound

A

Synthesis

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14
Q

def. A reaction between a compound and an element in which the element replaces an
element of the same type in the compound, creating a different compound and a different element

A

Single Replacement

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15
Q

def. A ranking of elements according to their reactivities, from most to least reactive

A

Activity Series

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16
Q

The more reactive an element is the ______ likely it is to form a compound

A

more

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17
Q

def. A reaction between two compounds that trade cations (or trade anions) between them

A

Double Replacement

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18
Q

what are three types of double replacement reactions?

A
  • precipitation
  • neutralization
  • gas formation
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19
Q

def. A double replacement reaction between two soluble salts, forming two new salts, one
of which is insoluble, creating a precipitate

A

Precipitation

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20
Q

def. An exothermic double replacement reaction between an acid and a base that always
produces a salt and water

A

Neutralization

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21
Q

AB(aq) + CD(aq) becomes AD(aq) + CB(s)

A

preciptation

22
Q

HX(aq) + MOH(aq) becomes MX(aq) + H2O(l) + heat

A

neutralization

23
Q

def. An exothermic double replacement reaction between an acid and a base that always
produces a salt and water

A

Neutralization

24
Q

def. A double replacement reaction that forms an unstable product which spontaneously
decomposes to a gas and water

A

Gas formation

25
Q

in a _________ : reaction product spontaneously decomposes

to a gas and water, creating three products

A

gas formation

26
Q

acid + base becomes salt + water

A

neutralization

27
Q

in a ________ :one product is soluble, other is an insoluble
precipitate

A

precipitatiion

28
Q

in a _____ : Fuel + oxygen becomes carbon dioxide + water

A

combustion

29
Q

when does a single replacement occur?

A

Replacement only occurs if the incoming element is more reactive than
the element it will replace in the compound

30
Q

def. A diagram showing how potential energy changes from reactants to products, allowing you to better understand the characteristics of a given reaction

A

Potential energy diagram

31
Q

What does enthalpy describe?

A

the total internal energy in a system

32
Q

Can you measure the total energy of a system?

A

No

33
Q

def. a measure of how much energy a chemical process converts between heat and potential energy

A

change in enthalpy (ΔH)

34
Q

What’s the formula for change in enthalpy?

A

ΔH = Hproducts–Hreact

35
Q

A negative change in enthalpy signifies what kind of system?

A

Exothermic

36
Q

A positive change in enthalpy signifies what kind of system?

A

endothermic

37
Q

def. Forces that exist between individual molecules, either attracting them together, or repelling them apart

A

Intermolecular forces

38
Q

Changes in __________ forces produce changes in physical form, like changes of state and dissolution, as particles move further apart or closer together

A

intermolecular

39
Q

def. Attractive forces that exist within a molecule or compound, holding the atoms together (Really just a broader, more general term for chemical bond)

A

Intramolecular forces

40
Q

Changes in ________ forces produce chemical changes, as existing bonds break and new bonds form, resulting in new and different products

A

Intramolecular

41
Q

def. One way to measure the strength of a chemical bond, representing the amount of energy released when a bond forms and the amount needed to break it (The higher the bond energy, the stronger the bond)

A

Bond Energy

42
Q

Once started ________ reactions are self-sustaining , as some of the energy they release provides the energy required for more reactant to reach the activation energy?

A

Exothermic

43
Q

___________ reactions never have enough energy to reach activation energy on their own, and therefore require a constant input of energy to both start them and maintain their progress

A

Endothermic

44
Q

def. Any reaction that starts automatically upon mixing the reactants, without the need to add any additional energy to reach activation energy

A

Spontaneous reaction

45
Q

What two things influence reaction rate?

A

Catalysts and temperature

46
Q

Both catalysts and an increase in temperature make it _______ for the reactants to reach activation energy, making the reaction easier and the rate ________

A

easier, faster

47
Q

def. A balanced chemical equation that includes energy as if it were a reactant or a product

A

Thermochemical equation

48
Q

In an endothermic reaction, energy acts like _____

A

a reactant

49
Q

in an exothermic reaction, energy acts like a _______

A

product

50
Q

change in enthalpy is an ________ property

A

extensive

51
Q

def. An expression of the change in enthalpy alongside, but separate from, a chemical reaction (Uses a positive or negative sign to show energy going in or coming out)

A

ΔH notation

Chem 11 (6 decks)

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