Chapter 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Statistics
Is a branch of applied mathematics that scientist use to plan research; to gather, organize, and analyze data; to present data in research papers
Chapter outline
Provides an overview of the chapter
Chapter overview
Introduces the initial statistical concept and/or serves as an example that is referred to extensively through the chapter
Visual summary
Flowchart or figure that shows you a step by step procedure you need to follow in order to compute the statistic
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for the behavior being studied that is based on previously gathered facts and theories
Research hypothesis
One that the researcher wishes to support
Null hypothesis
One that researcher wants to reject because it proposes that there will be no change in behavior
Variables
Events or qualities that can vary
Independent variable
Factor that is selected and manipulated, or controlled by the experimenter
Dependent variable
Measurable behavior exhibited by the participant
Extraneous variable
Extra variables that affect the outcome of the experiment but not directly related to the study
Nominal scale
Simplest form of measurement and is used when the variable being measured is qualitative as opposed to quantitative (categorical)
Ordinal scale
Requires that you order, or rank, the data from the highest to lowest
Interval scale
Measurement indicates not only relative ranks of scores, but also equal distances or degrees of difference between the scores
Ratio scale
Measurement has all the properties of the scales just mentioned (has meaningful zero point)
Population
Includes all members of a certain group (N)
Sample
Relatively small representative group selected from a population (n)
Parameters
Describes population values
Estimates
Collected from samples and used to describes population values
