CHAPTER 1

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

Made of one type of atom

Question 2

What is a compound?

Answer 2

Substance made of different types of atoms bonded together

Question 3

Differences between compounds and mixtures

Answer 3

Mixtures aren’t chemically combined

Question 4

What is filtration

Answer 4

Separate insoluble substances from a solution

Question 5

What is crystallisation

Answer 5

Evaporate water from solution to leave crystals

Question 6

What is fractional distillation

Answer 6

When liquid are separated because of their boiling points

Question 7

What did JJ Thompson discover

Answer 7

Electron

Question 8

What is an ion

Answer 8

Atoms with different numbers of electrons

Question 9

What is an isotope

Answer 9

Different number of electrons

Question 10

What is an atom

Answer 10

The smallest part of an element

Question 11

What do the symbols in the periodic table represent

Answer 11

Atoms

Question 12

What is a compound

Answer 12

Different types of atoms bonded together

Question 13

What is the law of conservation of mass

Answer 13

The total mass of products formed = mass of reactants

Question 14

What holds a compound together

Answer 14

Chemical bonds

Question 15

Is hydrogen a metal or non metal

Answer 15

Hydrogen is a metal. A metal must conduct heat and electricity which solid hydrogen does. The properties of metals like malleability are just coincidence

Question 16

With open containers, why does it sometimes look like the law of conservation is broke

Answer 16

With gases, the carbon dioxide formed will escape or oxygen will enter. When gas escapes, the law is kept because oxygen will react with the metal to keep the same weight the same

Question 17

What is an element determined by

Answer 17

Number of protons

Question 18

When you change the number of neutrons, you get an

Answer 18

isotope

Question 19

When you change the number of electrons you get an

Answer 19

Ion

Question 20

How to separate elements in a compound

Answer 20

Chemical reaction

Question 21

What does filtration separate

Answer 21

One solute that is soluble in a solvent and one isn’t

Question 22

How does crystallisation work

Answer 22

Filter the substances, then evaporate the liquid to leave the material

Question 23

When should heating be stopped during crystallisation

Answer 23

When the solution is just forming crystals

Question 24

What are elements ordered by in a stable

Answer 24

Smaller number - atomic number

Question 25

How to calculate the relative atomic mass using isotopes

Answer 25

Multiple percentage by mass, add and then divide by 100

Question 26

What are the columns in the periodic table called

Answer 26

Groups

Question 27

What does the symbol of an element show

Answer 27

One atom of the element

Question 28

What do chemical equations show

Answer 28

The reactants and the products

Question 29

What happens in a chemical reaction

Answer 29

The atoms in the reactants get rearranged into the products

Question 30

What is an aqueous solution

Answer 30

A substance that has been dissolved in water

Question 31

Process of filtration

Answer 31

Pour the mixture through a filter funnel

Question 32

Process of evaporation

Answer 32

Heat the solution with a Bunsen burner | Keep heating until all the liquid has gone and you are left with dry crystals

Question 33

Process of crystallisation

Answer 33

Gently heat the solution once some of the liquid has evaporated, stop heating Leave the solution to cool Now more crystals will form Filter out the crystals out and then you're done

Question 34

Process of chromatography

Answer 34

Draw a pencil line of the paper Place blobs of your in Place the paper in water so the ink isn't touching the solution The solvent will move up the paper and carry the ink

Question 35

When to use simple distillation

Answer 35

When you want to separate a liquid from a solution

Question 36

Process of simple distillation

Answer 36

The solution is heated to evaporate the part of it with the lowest boiling point first This vapour is cooled, condensed and collected

Question 37

When to use fractional distillation

Answer 37

When you have a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points

Question 38

Process of fractional distillation

Answer 38

You heat the mixture until it reaches the boiling point of the first liquid This liquid evaporates first It reaches the top of the column, runs down the tubs and is collected You repeat this with higher temperatures

Question 39

What did John Dalton suggest

Answer 39

Atoms were tiny hard spheres

Question 40

Who discovered the electron

Answer 40

JJ Thompson

Question 41

Who discovered and the nucleus and how

Answer 41

Geiger and Marsden fired atoms at gold foil and some rebounded

Question 42

who discovered that electrons were in shells

Answer 42

Niels Bohr

Question 43

Who found there were neutrons in the nucleus?

Answer 43

James Chadwick

Question 44

Charge of a proton

Answer 44

+1

Question 45

Mass of proton

Answer 45

+1

Question 46

Charge of neutron

Answer 46

0

Question 47

Mass of neutron

Answer 47

1

Question 48

Charge of electron

Answer 48

-1

Question 49

Mass of electron

Answer 49

very small

Question 50

What is the mass number

Answer 50

The mass of nucleus

Question 51

What is the atomic number

Answer 51

The number of electrons or protons

Question 52

When an atom gains electrons what is the charge on the ion

Answer 52

-

Question 53

When an atom loses electrons what is the charge on the ion

Answer 53

+

Question 54

Why will isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties

Answer 54

Their chemical properties depend on their electronic structure

Question 55

How to write the electronic structure

Answer 55

Number of electrons in first shell, followed by second and third

Question 56

What determines how an element reacts

Answer 56

Electrons in outer shell

Question 57

What experiment did JJ Thompson do and how did this lead to him finding the electron

Answer 57

He found that the mysterious particle was attracted to a positive charge, showing they must be negatively charged

Question 58

What was Bohrs experiment

Answer 58

he noticed light was given out when electron were heated - they were moving between energy levels

Question 59

Why is it impossible to predict the mass of crystals that can be obtained during crystallisation

Answer 59

Mixtures have no fixed composition

Question 60

What was Geiger and Marsden's experiment

Answer 60

They fired alpha particles at gold foil Due to the current model of the atoms which was the plum pudding one, they expected most of the particles to pass straight through. The positive alpha particles pass straight through. The positive alpha particles were detected by the negative electrons