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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Any substance or material that poses an unreasonable risk to health, safety, property, and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation.

A

Hazardous material

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2
Q

substances that possess harmful characteristics

A

hazardous materials

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3
Q

CBRNE

A

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive

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4
Q

a hazardous material/WMD incident is an emergency involving a substance that poses an unreasonable risk to _______, the ___________, and/or ___________

A

people, environment, property

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5
Q

Any weapon or device that is intended or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals etc….

A

WMD

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6
Q 
Human Error
Mechanical breakdowns/Malfunctions
Container failures
transportation accidents
deliberate acts
A

causes of hazmat incidents

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7
Q

______ _______ are often more complicated than other types of emergency incidents

A

hazmat incidents

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8
Q

To cause to become less harsh or hostile, to make less severe, intense or painful, or to alleviate

A

mitigate

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9
Q

Standard for hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction emergency response personnel professional qualifications

A

NFPA 1072

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10
Q

Standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/WMD incidents

A

NFPA 472

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11
Q

Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/WMD incidents

A

NFPA 473

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12
Q

Individuals who train to meet NFPA 1072 will meet or exceed ________ requirements for awareness, operations, and technician

A

OSHA

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13
Q

OSHA specific training standards for hazmat responders are laid out in

A

Title 29, 1910.120

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14
Q

Lowest level of training established by NFPA. limited defensive actions.

A

Awareness Level

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15
Q

Level of training allowing first responders to take defensive actions at hazmat incidents

A

Operations Level

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16
Q

Level of training allowing limited offensive actions. might include using specialized equipment and might come into contact with hazmat

A

Operations Mission - Specific

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17
Q

4 step process to guide responders actions at a hazmat incident

A 
APIE
A-analyze
P-plan
I-implement
E-evaluate
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18
Q

These personnel may be the first to arrive at or witness a hazmat incident

A

Awareness Level

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19
Q

perception of the surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events

A

situational awareness

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20
Q

standard methods or rules in which an organization or fire department operates

A

Standard Operation Procedures

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21
Q
  1. communicate information to appropriate authority
  2. initiate protective actions to protect themselves and others from the hazard
  3. isolate the hazardous area and deny entry
A

awareness level

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22
Q

awareness level responsibilities

A

Transmit, Protect, Isolate

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23
Q

Protect individuals, the environment, and property from the effects of a hazmat release in a primarily defensive manner

A

Operations level

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24
Q
  1. Identify the potential hazards involved if possible
  2. identify response options
  3. implement the planned response to mitigate or control a release from a safe distance
  4. evaluate the progress of the actions
A

Operations level

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25
OSHA recognizes that responders at the Operations level can perform offensive operations involving flammable liquid and gas fire control of the following materials:
Gas, Diesel, Natural Gas, Propane (LPG)
26
At Ops level, responders should be able to identify:
1. type of container involved 2. hazardous material involved 3. hazards presented by the material 4. potential behavior of the material
27
1. Establish incident management system 2. establish scene control 3. implement protective actions such as evacuation
Operations level responders
28
Condition, substance, or device that an directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk
Hazard
29
characterized by sharpness or severity; having rapid onset and a relatively short duration
accute
30
marked by long duration; recurring over a period of timre
chronic
31
health effects that occur or develop rapidly after exposure to a hazardous substance
accuse health effects
32
long term health effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous substance
chronic health effects
33
pathways by which hazardous materials get into or affect the human body
routes of entry
34
most common exposure route
Inhalation
35
Routes of Entry (4)
1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Absorption 4. Injection
36
Hazmat incident's 3 primary mechanisms of harm
1. Energy Release 2. Corrosivity 3. Toxicity
37
Types of harm (TRACEM)
1. Thermal 2. Radiological 3. Asphyxiation 4. Chemical 5. Etiological/biological 6. Mechanical
38
______ ________ at hazmat incidents present the greatest threat
Energy Release
39
Sudden release of heat energy
Exothermal Reactions
40
Form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules in solids or liquids that is transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference between the bodies
Heat
41
Energy possessed by objects due to their position or motion, the sum of potential and kinetic energy
Mechanical Energy
42
Force per unit area exerted by al liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch or kilopascals
Pressure
43
Form of energy resulting from the presence and flow of charged particles
Electricity
44
potential energy stored in the internal structure of a material that may be released during a chemical reaction of transformation
Chemical Energy
45
Energy from a radioactive source emitted in the form of waves or particles, as a result of the decay of an atomic nucleus
Radiation
46
Capable of causing damage by gradually eroding, rusting, or destroying a material
Corrosive
47
Poisonous
Toxic
48
Simplest type of microorganism that can only replicate itself the living cells of its hosts.
Virus
49
6 types of energy release
1. Heat 2. Mechanical 3. Pressure 4. Electricity 5. Chemical 6. Radiation
50
With the exception of liquid and gas fuels, ________ comprise the largest usage class in industry
corrosives
51
Chemicals or biological substances that cause sickness, illness, or injury by doing damage on the molecular scale when in contact with the body are considered ______
Toxic
52
Microscopic single celled organism
bacteria
53
substance that has the property of being poisonous
toxin
54
In ______, fire service professionals requested inclusion of emergency responders in the provisions of (SARA)
1986
55
What is SARA
Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act
56
In the U.S., the four main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials and/or waste at the federal lever are:
1. Department of Transportation (DOT) Title 49 2. Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) Title 40 3. Department of Labor (DOL) Title 29 (OSHA) 4. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Title 10
57
Manages the national nuclear research and defense programs
Department of Energy
58
Prevent terrorist attacks, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorist attacks, minimize damage of potential attacks
Department of Homeland Security
59
Provides oversight of the development, manufacture, testing, maintenance, demilitarization, handling, transportation, and storage of explosives
Department of Defense Explosive Safety Board
60
Alcohol, tobacco, firearms, explosives, and arson
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms | Department of Treasury
61
Assigns responsibility for responding to acts of terror within the US to the FBI
Department of Justice
62
3 Hazmat duties of the FBI
1. Investigate the theft of hazardous materials 2. collects evidence for crime 3. prosecutes criminal violations of federal hazardous materials laws and regulations
63
Many Hazmat incidents occur while materials are being _________
transported
64
Most transportation hazmat incidences occur while being transported via the ____________
highway

Hazmat (11 decks)

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