Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hazmat > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

matter is found in 3 states

A

Gas, Liquid, Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a hazardous material’s state of matter determines…

A

how mobile the material will become

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to assume the shape of a container. molecules move about most rapidly in this state

A

Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

incompressible substance with a constant volume that assumes the shape of its container; molecules flow freely, but substantial cohesion prevents them from expanding as a gas would

A

liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

substance that has a definite shape and size; the molecules of a solid generally have very little mobility.

A

solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ERG isolation distance of a solid

A

75 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ERG isolation distance of a liquid

A

150 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ERG isolation distance of a gas

A

330 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

solid particle that is formed or generated from solid organic or inorganic materials by reducing its size through mechanical processes, such as crushing, grinding, drilling, abrading, or blasting.

A

dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

suspension of particles that form when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air.

A

fume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere

A

mist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

form of pressurized mist characterized by highly respirable, minute liquid or solid particles.

A

aerosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

solid particle whose length is several times greater than its diameter is formed by a disruption of the natural state.

A

fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gaseous form of a material that is normally in a solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure.

A

vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

visible aerosol of a liquid formed by condensation.

A

fog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

incidents involving gases are potentially the most _____________ for emergency responders

A

dangerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gas that, at normal temperature, exists solely as a gas when pressurized in a container

A

compressed gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

confined gas that at normal temperatures exists in both liquid and gaseous states

A

liquified gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gases may have pressures as high as _________ such as liquid helium

A

15000 psi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

materials kept under pressure and/or temperatures higher or lower than ambient conditions may….

A

change state upon release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the ration that gas will expand

A

expansion ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

unit of measure typically used to express particle size

A

micron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

characteristics of a material that do not involve the chemistry or chemical nature of the material

A

physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container.

A

vapor pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
materials with a vapor pressure over _________ will be gases under normal conditions
760 mmHg
26
in vapor pressure, gases rise above the liquid and exerts a _____________ pressure
downward
27
__________ is the baseline measurement for pressure
atmospheric pressure
28
the lower the boiling point of a liquid the ________ its vapor pressure will be
higher
29
BLEVE
boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
30
temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure
melting point
31
temp at which liquid becomes a solid
freezing point
32
changing directly from solid to gas without ever going into a liquid state
sublimate
33
weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
vapor density
34
percentage of a material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature
solubility
35
when a water soluble liquid combines with water, the two liquids mix.
polar solvent
36
two or more liquids' capability to mix together
miscibility
37
incapable of being mixed or blended with another substance
immiscible
38
ratio of the density of a material to the density of a standard material, usually an equal volume of water, at standard conditions of pressure and temperature
specific gravity
39
a chemicals ability to remain in the environment
persistence
40
measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature
viscosity
41
chemical nature of a material and the behaviors and interactions that occur at a molecular level
chemical properties
42
most hazardous materials incidents involve
flammable materials
43
minimum temp at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors at its LEL to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface
flash point
44
temp at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning
fire point
45
any liquid with a flashpoint below 100° F
flammable liquid
46
any liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F and below 200°F
combustible liquid
47
incapable of combustion under normal circumstances. normally used when referring to liquids or gases.
nonflammable
48
lowest temp at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame
autoignition temperature
49
minimum temperature to which a fuel, other than a liquid, in air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion independent of the heating source
ignition temperature
50
autoignition temp of gasoline is
536°F
51
flash point of gasoline is
-45°F
52
percentage of the gas or vapor concentration in the air that will burn or explode if ignited
flammable, explosive, or combustible range
53
lower limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion
lower flammable limit or lower explosive limit
54
upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite
upper flammable limit or upper explosive limit
55
alkalis or caustics are an example of
bases
56
measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH
57
any chemical that ionizes to yield hydrogen ions
acid
58
pH values of 0 - 6.9
acids
59
water-soluble compound that chemically dissociates in water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion
base
60
pH value of 7.1 - 14
base
61
process of splitting a molecule or ionic compounds into smaller particles
dissociation
62
the breakdown of fatty tissue
saponification
63
fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion
reducing agent
64
chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules
polymerization
65
materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction
inhibitor
66
least energetic form of radiation
nonionizing radiation
67
most energetic and hazardous form of radiation
ionizing radiation
68
4 types of ionizing radiation
1. alpha 2. beta 3. gamma 4. neutron
69
shielding beta emitters with dense metals can result in
x-rays
70
weightless packet of electromagnetic energy, such as x-rays or visible light
photon
71
the effects of ionizing radiation occur at the
cellular level
72
chronic exposure to radiation causes ________
cancer
73
one basic protection strategy against radiation uses ___________, ____________, and ____________
time, distance, shielding
74
doubling the distance from a point source divides the dose by a factor of ________. (Inverse Square Law)
4
75
exposure from a fallout is reduced by _____ in a one story building and by _________ at a level belowground
50%, 90%
76
degree to which a substance causes harm within the body
toxicity
77
substance that prevents access to sufficient volumes of oxygen
asphyxiant
78
gases that displace oxygen concentration below the level required to sustain life
simple asphyxiant
79
materials that prohibit the body's cells from using oxygen.
chemical asphyxiant
80
often attack the body's mucous membranes like eyes, nose, mouth, throat, lungs
irritants
81
statistics show that ___ in ___ firefighters will be diagnosed with cancer during their career
1, 3
82
_____% of firefighters will have cancer diagnosed within 7 years of retirement
45
83
chemical asphyxiant that is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic materials
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
84
produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen, is also commonly encountered in smoke, although at lower concentrations than CO.
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
85
product of complete combustion of organic materials. acts as simply asphyxiant by displacing oxygen.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
86
microorganisms such as a virus or bacteria, that may cause severe disabling disease or illness
biological or etiological hazard
87
simplest type of microorganism that can only reproduce themselves in the living cells of their hosts
virus
88
microscopic, single-celled organisms
bacteria
89
biological agent that causes disease or illness
pathogen
90
Hazard class 1
Explosives
91
any substance with a great deal of potential energy that may rapidly expand and release upon activation
explosive
92
subset class within an explosives placard that assigns the product's level of explosion hazard
division number
93
indication on an explosive placard expressed as a letter that categorizes different types of explosive substances and articles for purposes of stowage and segregation
compatibility group letter
94
primary hazards of explosives are _______ and _________
thermal, mechanical
95
Hazard Class 2:
Gases
96
Hazard Class 3:
Flammable Liquids
97
Hazard Class 4:
Flammable Solids
98
Class 4 materials are broken up into 3 different divisions
4: 1 Flammable Solids 4: 2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials 4: 3 Dangerous When Wet
99
Primary Hazards of class 2
toxicity, corrosivity
100
Primary Hazard of class 3
energy, corrosivity, toxicity
101
Primary Hazards of class 4
chemical energy, mechanical energy, corrosivity, toxicity
102
Hazard Class 5
Oxidizers
103
2 divisions of hazard class 5
5: 1 Oxidizers - typically solids or aqueous solutions 5: 2 Organic Peroxides - Liquids or solids
104
Oxidizer with a specific composition that make them prone to reactivity
Organic Peroxides
105
Primary Hazards of class 5
thermal, mechanical, chemical
106
Hazard Class 6
Poisons
107
Hazard Class 7
Radioactive
108
atoms of a chemical element with the usual number of protons in the nucleus but an unusual number of neutrons.
isotope
109
Hazard Class 8
Corrosives
110
Primary Hazards of Class 8
chemical, toxic, thermal, mechanical
111
Hazard Class 9
Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
112
Primary Hazards of Class 9
thermal, chemical
113
minimum energy that starts a chemical reaction when added to an atomic or molecular system
activation energy
114
Class 7 Radioactive I, II, and III labels must always contain the following (2)
isotope name, radiation activity
115
protection from gamma radiation
concrete, earth, lead
116
protection from neutron radiation
oil, water, concrete (high amounts of hydrogen)
117
protection from beta radiation
metal, clothing, plexiglass
118
protection from alpha radiation
skin

Hazmat (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions