chapter 1

Question 1

perception is a ____

Answer 1

construct

Question 2

the _______ is to determine what is actually out in the world from the stimulus representation in our mind/brain

Answer 2

inverse problem

Question 3

_____ is NOT reality

Answer 3

perception

Question 4

_________ refers to analyzing or describing complex phenomenon by simpler, more fundamental processes

Answer 4

reductionism

Question 5

true or false?

describing something devalues other explanations

Answer 5

false

Question 6

the scientific method consists of ________ , __________ & ____________.

Answer 6

precision
operationalization
observation

Question 7

cognitive neuroscience bridges the gap between ______ and ________

Answer 7

structure and function

Question 8

a ________ is a specialized cell in the the nervous system

Answer 8

neuron

Question 9

how would you define the structure of a neuron?

Answer 9

the neuron is an anatomical unit

Question 10

“the neuron is a metabolic unit” is a ______ definition

Answer 10

trophic

Question 11

how would you describe the developmental/ Timing of

cellular processes of a neuron?

Answer 11

the neuron is an embryological unit

Question 12

the law of dynamic polarization is a _____________

Answer 12

defined activity

Question 13

what are the 4 structural divisions of a neuron?

Answer 13

soma
dendrites
axon
terminal boutons

Question 14

what are the 5 functional divisions of a neuron?

Answer 14

1) Input (dendrites)
2) Metabolic (nucleus)
3) integration (axon hillock)
4) Conduction (axon)
5) Output (terminal
boutons)

Question 15

the __________ is responsible for transmission

Answer 15

ogliodendrocyte (schwann)

Question 16

the _________ is responsible for maintaining nutrition and repair

Answer 16

astrocyte

Question 17

the ________ is responsible for immunity

Answer 17

microglia

Question 18

the _______ is responsible for CFS barrier / exchange

Answer 18

ependymal cells

Question 19

_______ are responsible for input and ________ are responsible for output

Answer 19

dendrites

boutons

Question 20

the presynaptic cell in the neurotransmitter __________, __________ and ____________, but differentiates from a ________

Answer 20

produces, stores and releases

drug

Question 21

the postsynaptic cells in the neurotransmitter has receptors for __________ but differentiates from a _________

Answer 21

chemicals

metabolite

Question 22

________ affects transmissions, but differentiates from a _______

Answer 22

blocking

toxin/nutrient

Question 23

_____ activation changes receptors but differentiates from a _______

Answer 23

artificial

drug

Question 24

________ protein binding occurs fast and directly

Answer 24

ionotropic

Question 25

______- protein binding occurs slowly and indirectly

Answer 25

metabotropic

Question 26

during _________, molecules will move so as to be distribute equally

Answer 26

diffusion

Question 27

the ______________ refers to how much of a molecule in one place

Answer 27

concentration gradient

Question 28

Polarity/charge is determined by _________

Answer 28

electrons

Question 29

Ion Pump requires energy in the form of _____ to move against the electric potential

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

___________ is when a neuron becomes more

negative

Answer 30

hyperpolarization

Question 31

_________ is when a neuron becomes more

positive

Answer 31

depolarization

Question 32

depolarization happens in the _____________

Answer 32

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Question 33

hyperpolarization happens in the ______________

Answer 33

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

Question 34

what problems occur during depolarization and what is the solution/

Answer 34

Problem: cells that reach “0” are dead cells!!

Solution: Rapid change

Question 35

_________ refers to an integration of presynaptic responses

Answer 35

summation

Question 36

_______ Summation is when several neurons fire together

Answer 36

Spatial

Question 37

what are the stages of signalling action potential

Answer 37

1. Resting
2. Threshold: voltage gated Na+ channels (VGC)
   open (Na+ influx)
3. Depolarization: more Na+ VGC channels open (Na+
   influx)
4. Repolarization: K+ VGC open (K+ exit)
   4.5 Absolute Refractory Period: NA+ VGC close,
   K+ VGC still open
   ➢Note: this is why the Action potential goes in one direction
   4.5 Hyperpolarization: K+ VGC closes
5. Relative Refractory Period