Chapter 1: An Invisible World Slides Flashcards
What are the seven ways microbes can be classified?
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Small multicellular animals
Viruses
True or False: There is no place on this earth where microbes cannot exist.
True.
What is one of the ways we see prehistoric use and understanding of microbes?
Fermentation.
What is the name of the Homosapien found that gave historical information about microbiology?
Otzi the iceman.
What was special about Otzi in terms of microbiology?
He was found with microbes that were in and on him to try and heal his diseases.
What were some incorrect ideas that our ancestors had when it came to what caused disease?
Vengeful Gods.
Miasmas (Bad air).
What were some effective ideas that our ancestors put into place to stop the spread of disease?
Quarantines.
Aquaducts and sewers.
What did Hipoccrates do for mocrobiology?
He created the 4 humors system and posited that disease were not caused by God/Gods.
What did Thucydides do for microbiology?
Looked at immunity.
Noticed that those who survived diseases did not get sick the next time they were exposed.
What did Varro do for microbiology?
Posited that animals so small you cannot see them (microbes) cause disease.
What were the 4 main questions being asked during the Golden Age of Microbiology?
Where do microbes come from?
What causes fermentation?
What causes disease?
How can we prevent infection and disease?
What were Leeuwenhoek’s major contributions to microbiology?
Made simple microscopes.
Discovered “animalcules” or microorganisms.
What did Leeuwenhoek use to discover microbes?
He used simple microscopes that had a lens and a specimen holder.
What were the three ways scientists and philosophers of the past thought living things arose from?
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Nonliving matter
Who proposed spontaneous generation?
Aristotle
What was Redi’s major contribution to microbiology?
He disproved spontaneous generation of large animals.
How did Redi’s experiment work?
Redi had 6 jars: 2 with uncovered meat, 2 with meat covered by a cheese cloth, 2 with completely covered meat.
The 2 uncovered had maggots, the 4 covered did not.
Therefore spontaneous generation does not exist,
What did Spallanzani do?
He concluded that microorganisms exist in the air therefore spontaneous generation of microbes does not exist.
How did Spallanzani’s experiment work?
He has two heated flasks covered and uncovered.
The uncovered grew microbes the covered did not until it was uncovered.
What did Pasteur contribute to microbiology?
He is known as the Father of Microbiology
Developed the germ theory of disease
Proved air was not a “life source” for spontaneous generation, but there are microorganisms in the air.
Invented pasteurization
Developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax in humans and animals.
What developed the scientific method?
The debate over spontaneous generation.
What was Pasteur’s experiment with a gun and cotton?
He filtered air through a gun-cotton filter and, upon examination of the cotton, found it full of microorganisms.
Suggested that the exposure of broth to air was not introduction to a “life force” to the broth but rather airborne microorganisms.
What was Pasteur’s experiment with curved-neck flasks?
He made flasks with long, twisted necks which allowed air inside the flasks to be exchanged with air from the outside, but prevented the introduction of any airborne microorganisms.
What did pasteurization lead to?
The field of industrial microbiology which was the intentional use of microbes for manufacturing products.
