Chapter 1 - Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

the form and structure of the body and its parts

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

the function of the body and its parts

Question 3

What are the two types of anatomy?

Answer 3

Gross anatomy and Microscopic anatomy

Question 4

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 4

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 5

What is another name for gross anatomy?

Answer 5

macroscopic anatomy

Question 6

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 6

the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 7

How can anatomy be organized?

Answer 7

by regional or systemic categories

Question 8

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 8

the study of the structures in particular regions of the body
ex: entire anatomy of the neck (bones, cells, tissues)

Question 9

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 9

the study of body systems
ex: cardiovascular system, skeletal system

Question 10

sagittal plane

Answer 10

divides the body into uneven left and right halves

Question 11

median plane

Answer 11

divides the body into equal right and left halves

Question 12

Transverse plane

Answer 12

horizontal division of the body into cranial and caudal

Question 13

dorsal plane

Answer 13

divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

Question 14

left

Answer 14

the animal’s left

Question 15

right

Answer 15

the animal’s right

Question 16

cranial

Answer 16

towards the head (cranium)

Question 17

caudal

Answer 17

towards the tail (caudal)

Question 18

rostral

Answer 18

towards the nose

Question 19

dorsal

Answer 19

towards the back (dorsum)

Question 20

ventral

Answer 20

towards the stomach (ventrum)

Question 21

medial

Answer 21

towards the midline

Question 22

lateral

Answer 22

away from the midline

Question 23

deep

Answer 23

internal

Question 24

superficial

Answer 24

external

Question 25

proximal

Answer 25

used on extremities; towards the body

Question 26

distal

Answer 26

used on extremities; away from the body

Question 27

palmar

Answer 27

used on front paws; bottom of the foot

Question 28

plantar

Answer 28

used on back/hind paws; top of the foot

Question 29

barrel

Answer 29

trunk of the body; formed by the rib cage and the abdomen

Question 30

brisket

Answer 30

base of the neck between the front legs

Question 31

cannon

Answer 31

metatarsal bone

Question 32

fetlock

Answer 32

joint between cannon and pastern

Question 33

flank

Answer 33

area between the last rib and hind legs

Question 34

hock

Answer 34

tarsus (ankle)

Question 35

knee

Answer 35

carpus (wrist)

Question 36

muzzle

Answer 36

rostral part of the face

Question 37

poll

Answer 37

top of the head between the base of the ears

Question 38

stifle

Answer 38

the knee

Question 39

tailhead

Answer 39

base of the tail where it connects to the body

Question 40

withers

Answer 40

area dorsal to the shoulders

Question 41

what is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 41

right and left halves that mirror each other

Question 42

what are paired organs?

Answer 42

approximate mirror images of each other

Question 43

where are single organs typically located?

Answer 43

along the midline

Question 44

if an organ is farther away from the midline it...

Answer 44

is typically a paired organ

Question 45

if an organ is closer to the midline it is....

Answer 45

likely a singular organ

Question 46

what does the dorsal cavity contain?

Answer 46

central nervous system (CNS); cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Question 47

what is in the cranial cavity?

Answer 47

the brain; formed by the bones of the skull

Question 48

what is in the spinal cavity?

Answer 48

the spinal cord; formed by the vertebrae of the spine

Question 49

what does the ventral cavity contain?

Answer 49

most of the body's organs; thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

Question 50

what is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 50

heart, lungs, esophagus, major blood vessels

Question 51

what is in the abdominal cavity

Answer 51

digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs

Question 52

what are the organs in the thorax covered by?

Answer 52

a thin membrane known as the pleura

Question 53

what does the visceral pleura cover?

Answer 53

the organs in the thoracic cavity

Question 54

what does the parietal pleura cover?

Answer 54

the entire cavity

Question 55

what is the small space between the visceral and parietal pleura contain?

Answer 55

a small amount of fluid for lubrication

Question 56

what is pleural effusion?

Answer 56

an accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space which presses on organs causing issues

Question 57

what are the organs in the abdominal cavity covered by?

Answer 57

a thin membrane known as peritoneum

Question 58

what are the levels of organization?

Answer 58

cells, tissues, organs, systems

Question 59

what are cells?

Answer 59

basic unit of life

Question 60

what are tissues?

Answer 60

groups of cells that are in similar structure and functions

Question 61

what are organs?

Answer 61

two or more kinds of tissue together performing special body functions

Question 62

what are systems

Answer 62

a group of organs working together to perform a complex body function

Question 63

what is health?

Answer 63

the state of normal anatomy and physiology

Question 64

what is homeostasis?

Answer 64

maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 65

what are examples of homeostasis

Answer 65

body temperature, acid-base balance, fluid balance, hormone levels, nutrient levels, oxygen levels

Question 66

what does homeostasis require?

Answer 66

energy and the body