Week 2 HW (CH 3&4)

Question 1

Originally, all cells started out as ________

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

____________ cells organize their DNA within a nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

The essential structures that all animal cells have in common are:
- Plasmalemma
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

Plasmalemma, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus

Question 4

The cell membrane is made up of a _________ bilayer

Answer 4

phospholipid

Question 5

An integral protein that allows for water movement across a cell membrane is called a ______

Answer 5

pore

Question 6

The _______ is made up of cell adhesion molecules and membrane receptors

Answer 6

glycocalyx

Question 7

A cell membrane accessory that allows for a cell to swim around is a

Answer 7

flagella

Question 8

The gel-like substance on the inside of a cell that contains the organelles is called the _________

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

The ______ is the support structure of the cell

Answer 9

cytoskeleton

Question 10

Mitochondria function

Answer 10

produces energy

Question 11

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 12

lipid synthesis

Question 13

golgi apparatus function

Answer 13

modifies & packages proteins

Question 14

Lysosome function

Answer 14

contains enzymes for destruction

Question 15

Proteasome function

Answer 15

Destroys one protein at a time

Question 16

Peroxisomes function

Answer 16

Antioxidant and detoxification

Question 17

vaults function

Answer 17

transport pods attached to cytoskeleton

Question 18

Nucleus function

Answer 18

contains DNA

Question 19

nucleolus function

Answer 19

synthesizes ribosomes

Question 20

Most of a body’s water is found within the ________ fluid

Answer 20

intracellular

Question 21

The most common type of solute found within an animal’s body are _______

Answer 21

electrolytes

Question 22

The most common intracellular electrolyte is:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Calcium

Answer 22

Potassium

Question 23

_______ atoms are basically considered protons

Answer 23

hydrogen

Question 24

the normal blood pH of a mammal is ____ mOsml/kg

Answer 24

7.4

Question 25

The hormone used by mammals to control blood osmolality is ________ hormone

Answer 25

antidiuretic

Question 26

The optimal relative _______ for cells to function is isotonic

Answer 26

osmolality

Question 27

colloids and _______ are used together in emergencies to quickly raise a patient's blood volume and blood pressure.

Answer 27

crystalloids

Question 28

_________ is the phase of fluid therapy that corrects intravascular volume and blood pressure

Answer 28

resuscitation

Question 29

The ability for a cell membrane to keep some molecules out while it allows others in is called ______________

Answer 29

Selective permeability

Question 30

is diffusion free or does it require energy?

Answer 30

free

Question 31

is facilitated diffusion free or does it require energy?

Answer 31

free

Question 32

is active transport free or does it require energy?

Answer 32

requires energy; costs ATP

Question 33

is phagocytosis free or does it require energy?

Answer 33

requires energy; costs ATP

Question 34

is osmosis free or does it require energy?

Answer 34

free

Question 35

The physical force that pushes a liquid across a membrane is called _________ pressure

Answer 35

hydrostatic

Question 36

The difference in osmotic pressure between blood and interstitial fluid is ______ pressure

Answer 36

oncotic

Question 37

_______________ and active transport both use carrier proteins to transport large molecules across the cell membrane.

Answer 37

Facilitated diffusion

Question 38

The special vesicle formed by receptor-mediated endocytosis is a ________

Answer 38

coated pit

Question 39

The resting membrane potential of a cell membrane is

Answer 39

created by an uneven distribution of ions

Question 40

_________ cells multiply via a process called mitosis

Answer 40

somatic

Question 41

DNA replication occurs during the ______ phase of interphase

Answer 41

synthetic (S)

Question 42

The enzyme that separates the DNA double helix into two complimentary strands is _________

Answer 42

helicase

Question 43

The enzyme that is responsible for transcription is ________________

Answer 43

DNA polymerase

Question 44

A group of three nucleotides that associate to a specific amino acid is a ______

Answer 44

codon

Question 45

____________ occurs when cell membranes come into contact with one another and prevents further cell replication

Answer 45

contact inhibition

Question 46

what occurs in prophase

Answer 46

chromatin condenses into chromatids

Question 47

what occurs in metaphase

Answer 47

chromosomes arrange over a metaphase plate

Question 48

what occurs in anaphase

Answer 48

spindle fibers contract

Question 49

what occurs in telophase

Answer 49

nuclear envelope forms

Question 50

Which of the following is true? - ribosomes interact directly with DNA - ribosomes only interact with RNA - ribosomes are responsible for translation - mRNA cannot leave the nucleus

Answer 50

ribosomes are responsible for translation

Question 51

(T/F) All mutations cause immediate cell death

Answer 51

False