Chapter 1 - Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 1

contains genetic information that controls the function of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 2

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 3

what is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 3

where many chemical reactions happen in the cell

Question 4

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 4

provides energy for aerobic respiration

Question 5

what is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 5

synthesis proteins

Question 6

what is the function of the chloroplasts

Answer 6

where photosynthesis occurs

Question 7

what is the function of the permanent vacuole

Answer 7

used to store water and other chemicals as cell sap

Question 8

what is the function of the cell wall

Answer 8

strengthens and supports the cell. (made of cellulose in plants)

Question 9

what is the cell wall made of

Answer 9

cellulose

Question 10

what is the function of the DNA loop

Answer 10

a loop of DNA, not enclosed within a nucleus

Question 11

what is the function of the plasmids

Answer 11

`a small ring of DNA, may contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance

Question 12

what is the tail useful for in a sperm cell

Answer 12

swimming

Question 13

What is the acrosome in a sperm cells function

Answer 13

contains enzymes to break into an egg

Question 14

why is there lots of mitochondria in a sperm cell

Answer 14

to provide energy for the sperm cell to swim

Question 15

why is a nerve cell being long a good thing for the the nerve cell

Answer 15

it can transmit electrical impulses over a distance

Question 16

why is having protein fibres in a muscle cell good for the cell

Answer 16

contains protein fibres that can contract when enrgy Is available making cells shorter

Question 17

why is having a long extension good for a root hair cell

Answer 17

it increases the surface area for water and mineral up take

Question 18

what is the xylem cell wall

Answer 18

waterproof

Question 19

why are the xylem hollow

Answer 19

to allow water to travel through it

Question 20

why do phloem cells need lots of mitochondria

Answer 20

for active transport

Question 21

why do some phloem cells have a very small cytoplasm

Answer 21

for sugars to move through easily

Question 22

what are eukaryotic cells

Answer 22

cells with a nucleus

Question 23

name 2 types of cells that are eukariotic

Answer 23

plant and animal cells

Question 24

what is an organism made up of eukaryotic cells called

Answer 24

a eukaryote

Question 25

what is in a eukaryotic cell that isn't in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 25

a fixed nucleus

Question 26

how big is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 26

5um - 100um

Question 27

how do eukaryotic cells divide

Answer 27

mitosis

Question 28

what is a prokaryioic cell

Answer 28

a simple cell with no nucleus

Question 29

name 1 type of prokaryotic cell

Answer 29

bacterial cell

Question 30

where is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell found

Answer 30

free in the cytoplasm ( Plasmids, DNA loop )

Question 31

how big are prokaryotic cell

Answer 31

0.2um - 2um

Question 32

what is surrounding a bacterial cell

Answer 32

a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall

Question 33

how do prokaryotic cells divide

Answer 33

binary fission

Question 34

what 2 organelles are in a eukaryotic cell but not in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 34

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 35

what is magnification

Answer 35

the degree by which an object is enlarged

Question 36

what is the equation to find magnification

Answer 36

Magnification = size of image/ size of real object

Question 37

what is resolution

Answer 37

the ability of a microscope to distinguish detail

Question 38

what is a light microscope

Answer 38

basic microscope with a maximum magnification of 1500x. It has a low resolution

Question 39

what is an electronic microscope

Answer 39

a microscope with a magnification of up to 500 000x and a higher resolution than a light microscope. Used to look at the finer details

Question 40

what is centre meters to metres in standard form

Answer 40

1 x 10(-2)

Question 41

what is millimetres to metres in standard form

Answer 41

1 x 10(-3)

Question 42

what is micrometres to meters in standard form

Answer 42

1 x 10(-6)

Question 43

what is nanometres to meters in standard form

Answer 43

1 x 10(-9)

Question 44

how is Dna stored in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 44

the genetic information of a cell is stored in a Dna molecule which is stored in a chromosome

Question 45

where else can a tiny bit of genetic information be found

Answer 45

in the mitochondria

Question 46

what is diffusion

Answer 46

it is the spreading out of the particles resulting in a net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 47

what are the examples of diffusion

Answer 47

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in gas exchange (leaves and alveoli) Urea from cells into the blood plasma for the excretion in the kidney

Question 48

what is osmosis

Answer 48

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 49

what is an example of osmosis

Answer 49

movement of water in and out of the cell

Question 50

what is active transport

Answer 50

the movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution ( against a concentration gradient ).

Question 51

what is required for active transport

Answer 51

energy from respiration

Question 52

what are the examples of active transport

Answer 52

absorption of mineral ions ( low concentration ) from soil into a plant roots. absorption of sugar molecules from a lower concentration in the gut into the blood which has a higher sugar concentration

Question 53

how does a difference in a concentration affect diffusion

Answer 53

the greater the difference in concentrations, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 54

how does temperature affect diffusion

Answer 54

particles move quicker at higher temperatures, so the rate of diffusion increase

Question 55

how does the surface area of a membrane affect diffusion

Answer 55

the greater the surface area the quicker the rate of diffusion

Question 56

why Is a thin membrane good for diffusion

Answer 56

it is a shorter path going in to the cell

Question 57

why is a large surface area good for diffusion

Answer 57

because it increases the rate of diffusion

Question 58

why an efficient blood supply good in animals

Answer 58

maintains a concentration gradient