Chapter 10 - Nerves

Question 1

What is the role of a receptor?

Answer 1

It detects change in the environment

Question 2

What is the co-ordination centre’s role?

Answer 2

It receives and processes information and co-ordinates responses

Question 3

What is the role of the effector?

Answer 3

It is a muscle or gland that brings about a response

Question 4

What is the stimuli?

Answer 4

A change in the environment

Question 5

What is homeostasis?

Answer 5

Conditions in the body are controlled to provide a constant internal environment

Question 6

What is a reflex action?

Answer 6

A bodily response to a stimulus without the involvement of the brain

Example: blinking, if someone click med their fingers in your eye, you might blink without meaning too

Question 7

What is a conscious action?

Answer 7

An action done on purpose with the use of the brain

Example: Eating, you intend to eat when you do

Question 8

What is an electrical impulse?

Answer 8

An electrical signal that travels along the axon

Question 9

What is the usual order of a reflex arc?

Answer 9

Receptor
Sensory neurone
Central nervous system
Relay neurone
Motor neurone
Effector

Question 10

What is a sensory neurone?

Answer 10

It carries signals from receptors to the Central nervous system

Question 11

What is the role of the relay neurone?

Answer 11

connects the sensory neurone and the motor neurone

Question 12

What is the role of the motor neurones?

Answer 12

They carry signals from the central nervous system to effectors

Question 13

what is the central nervous system

Answer 13

The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

what is a synapse

Answer 14

A tiny gap between two nerve cells, which nerve signals must cross

Question 15

how is an impulse transferred over a synapse

Answer 15

chemicals are released and diffuse over the gap, these chemicals then set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

Question 16

what carries out a response

Answer 16

effectors

Question 17

what connects neurones

Answer 17

synapse

Question 18

what are reflexes

Answer 18

automatic responses to certain stimuli without the conscious part of the brain

Question 19

what is the point of reflexes

Answer 19

they reduce chances of getting injured

Question 20

if someone shines a bright light into your eye, what reflex happens

Answer 20

your pupils automatically get smaller to allow less light in to stop it getting damaged

Question 21

what is a reflex arc

Answer 21

passage of information in a reflex (receptor to effector)

Question 22

what part of the CNS do reflex arcs usually go through

Answer 22

unconscious part of the brain or the spinal cord

Question 23

what reflex happens if you get shocked

Answer 23

your body releases the hormone adrenaline automatically

Question 24

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 24

its responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

Question 25

What is the cerebellum

Answer 25

controls muscle co-ordination

Question 26

What is the medulla

Answer 26

controls unconscious activity such as breathing and heart beat

Question 27

what is the hypothalamus

Answer 27

controls blood temperature

Question 28

what is another name for the thermoregulatory centre

Answer 28

hypothalamus

Question 29

what disease causes muscle tremors

Answer 29

Parkinson's disease

Question 30

what is a muscle tremor

Answer 30

involuntary movement of a body part

Question 31

What is the sclera

Answer 31

the tough, supporting wall of the eye

Question 32

what is the cornea

Answer 32

transparent layer found in front of the eye, it refracts light into the eye

Question 33

what is the iris

Answer 33

contains muscles that allow it to control the diameter of the pupil and therefore how much light enters the eye

Question 34

what is the lens

Answer 34

it focuses the light onto the retina

Question 35

what receptor cells are contained in the retina

Answer 35

light intensity sensitive cells and colour sensitive cells

Question 36

what controls the shape of the lens

Answer 36

ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

Question 37

what is the optic nerve

Answer 37

carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain

Question 38

what is accommodation

Answer 38

the changing of the lens shape to help focus light on the retina

Question 39

what happens to the ciliary muscles as you look at near objects

Answer 39

they contract

Question 40

what happens to the suspensory ligaments as you look at near objects

Answer 40

they relax

Question 41

what happens to the ciliary muscles as you look at distant objects

Answer 41

they relax

Question 42

what happens to the suspensory ligaments as you look at distant objects

Answer 42

they contract

Question 43

what happens to lens as you look at near object

Answer 43

it becomes fatter (more curved) which refracts light by a larger amount

Question 44

what happens to lens as you look at distant object

Answer 44

it becomes thinner (less curved) so it refracts light by a smaller amount

Question 45

what happens to your lens as you grow older

Answer 45

they loose flexibility so viewing near objects is harder as they cant focus (thus they have reading glasses)

Question 46

what happens if the eye cant refract light by the right amount

Answer 46

the person is either short or long sighted

Question 47

what is hyperopia

Answer 47

the medical term for long sightedness

Question 48

what is the medical term for long sightedness

Answer 48

hyperopia

Question 49

what type of lens would a long sighted person need

Answer 49

convex

Question 50

what are convex lens

Answer 50

lens that curve outwards (used by long sighted people)

Question 51

what is myopia

Answer 51

the medical term for short sightedness

Question 52

what is the medical term for short sightedness

Answer 52

myopia

Question 53

what type of lens would a short sighted person need

Answer 53

concave lens

Question 54

what are concave lens

Answer 54

lens that curve inwards (used by short sighted people)

Question 55

What are contact lenses

Answer 55

they are thin lenses that sit on the surface of your eye

Question 56

what are the pros of contact lenses

Answer 56

they are lightweight and almost invisible and you can wear them for sports

Question 57

what are the cons of contact lenses

Answer 57

they carry a high risk of infection

Question 58

what 2 type of contact lenses are there

Answer 58

hard lenses and soft lenses

Question 59

what is laser eye surgery

Answer 59

it is used to change the shape of the cornea affecting the level of refraction of light into the eye

Question 60

what are the pros of laser eye surgery

Answer 60

surgeons can precisely laser the eye which completely corrects vision

Question 61

what are the cons of laser eye surgery

Answer 61

risk of complications, possible reaction against the surgery making vision worse than before

Question 62

what is replacement lens surgery

Answer 62

the lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens

Question 63

what are the pros of replacement lens surgery

Answer 63

you receive a new and improved lens

Question 64

what are the cons of replacement lens surgery

Answer 64

possible damage to retina, higher risks than laser eye surgery

Question 65

what makes up the CNS

Answer 65

spinal cord, brain

Question 66

what is the only neurone found inside the CNS

Answer 66

relay neurone

Question 67

what type of impulse travels along neurones

Answer 67

electrical

Question 68

what method is used by chemical transmitters to move between neurones

Answer 68

diffusion

Question 69

what is a chemical transmitter

Answer 69

a chemical released at a synapse to help transmit electrical impulses move between neurones

Question 70

name different reflexes

Answer 70

heart beat, breathing, blinking, sneezing, coughing

Question 71

what is the medulla

Answer 71

controls automatic functions