Chapter 1: Health and Lifestyle

Question 1

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 1

Makes enzymes

Question 2

What does the liver do?

Answer 2

Makes bile

Question 3

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 3

Stores bile

Question 4

How does bile travel to the small intestine?

Answer 4

The bile duct

Question 5

What is the small intestine?

Answer 5

Where digested food is absorbed into blood

Question 6

What is the mouth?

Answer 6

Where food is chewed

Question 7

What do the salivary glands do?

Answer 7

Add enzymes

Question 8

What does the oesophagus (gullet) do?

Answer 8

Carries food into the stomach

Question 9

What churns food and begins chemical digestion of proteins?

Answer 9

The stomach

Question 10

What does the rectum do?

Answer 10

Stores faeces

Question 11

What does the anus do?

Answer 11

Expels faeces

Question 12

Where is water and minerals absorbed into the blood?

Answer 12

The large intestine

Question 13

What do bacteria do?

Answer 13

They live on the large intestine where they make important vitamins, e.g, vitamin K

Question 14

What are enzymes?

Answer 14

Enzymes are special proteins that can break large molecules of nutrients down into small molecules.

Question 15

What are enzymes also known as?

Answer 15

Biological catalysts - they speed up digestion without being used up

Question 16

What does carbohydrase digest?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates (e.g, starch) into sugars

Question 17

What does protease digest?

Answer 17

Protein into amino acids

Question 18

What does lipase digest?

Answer 18

Lipids (e.g, fatty things) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

What is the main role of carbohydrates?

Answer 19

It is the main source of energy

Question 20

What is the main role of lipids?

Answer 20

Fats and oils provide energy

Question 21

What is the main role of proteins?

Answer 21

Growth and repair of cells and tissues

Question 22

What is the main role of vitamins and minerals?

Answer 22

Essential in small amounts to keep you healthy

Question 23

What is the main role of water?

Answer 23

Needed in all cells and body fluids

Question 24

What is the main role of fibre?

Answer 24

Provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut (not actually a nutrient)

Question 25

How do you test for starch?

Answer 25

Add a few drops of iodine solution to the food solution, if it turns blue-black, the food contains starch.

Question 26

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 26

Add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution, shake it, and leave for one minute. Then pour the ethanol into a test tube of water, if the solution turns cloudy, the food contains lipids

Question 27

How do you test for sugar?

Answer 27

Add a few drops of Benedict's solution and heat the solution in a water bath, if the solution turns orange-red the food contains sugar

Question 28

How do you test for protein?

Answer 28

Add a few drops of copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution together, if the solution turns purple, the food contains protein

Question 29

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 29

When you have the right proportions of the food groups to keep you healthy

Question 30

What can being underweight increase the risk of?

Answer 30

Poor immune system, lack of energy and lack of vitamins and minerals

Question 31

What can being overweight increase the risk of?

Answer 31

Heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers

Question 32

What can a vitamin and mineral deficiency lead to?

Answer 32

A vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness and a vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets

Question 33

What can an unbalanced diet lead to?

Answer 33

Being underweight, overweight or having a vitamin or mineral deficiency

Question 34

What are drugs?

Answer 34

Any chemical that affects the way your brain or body work

Question 35

What are medical drugs?

Answer 35

Drugs used in medicine, to benefit your health (if used correctly), to treat symptoms or cure illness and some have side affects. These drugs include, painkillers, antibiotics and cough mixture

Question 36

What are recreational drugs?

Answer 36

Drugs taken for enjoyment/to relax/ stay awake, they normally have no health benefits, many can be harmful and many are illegal. These drugs include, alcohol, caffeine, heroine, cocaine and tobacco

Question 37

Why is alcohol a depressant?

Answer 37

As it slows down your body's reactions

Question 38

What can drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long amount of time lead to?

Answer 38

Stomach ulcers, heart disease, reduced fertility, brain damage and liver damage (cirrhosis)

Question 39

What can drinking during pregnancy lead to?

Answer 39

Miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight babies, fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 40

What harmful chemicals is cigarette smoke full of?

Answer 40

Tar- this clogs the lining of the lungs, and it is full of cancer causing chemicals. Nicotine- an addictive stimulant Carbon monoxide- stops blood from carrying oxygen

Question 41

What diseases can smoking cause?

Answer 41

Heart disease, emphysema, respiratory infections, strokes and lung cancer

Question 42

What can smoking during pregnancy lead to?

Answer 42

Low birth weight babies, miscarriage and it can affect fetus development

Question 43

What is an addiction?

Answer 43

When your body becomes used to the chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal

Question 44

What are some examples of withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 44

Sickness, nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, anxiety, and sweating