CHAPTER 1 (INTRO OF CHP 1) Flashcards
(15 cards)
definitions of genetic engineering
the overall field of technology that involves the intentional modification of an organism’s DNA to target (introduce, remove, alter) certain traits.
definition of recombinant DNA
the technology to cut and paste DNA from different sources
examples of recombinant DNA
combining DNA from human and bacteria
whats plasmid
small circular piece of dsDNA found in bacteria (and some other organisms)
characteristics of plasmids
- separate feom the bacterial chromosome
- replicates independently
- natural plasmids often carry genes for things like antibiotic resistance
whats vector
- essentially a vehicle
- any vehicle used to carry DNA into a host cell
what are some types of vector
- plasmid vector
- viral vectors
- artificial chromosomes
whats plasmid vector
a plasmid that have been modified to be a delivery tool for cloning or genetic engineering
what does the plasmid vector usually contains
- cloning site
- selectable marker
- an origin of replication (ORI)
where to get DNA to clone
- genomic DNA
- cDNA
- Amplified DNA
- synthetic DNA
what are the sources of DNA?
- blood
- buccal cells
- cultured cells (plant and animals)
- bacteria
- biopsies
- forensic samples (body fluids, teeth roots, etc)
whats the golden rice project?
a project where scientists genetically engineered rice to make beta carotene which is a source of vitamin A, inside the rice grain.
the purpose of nucleic acid extraction?
- release NA from the cell for use in other procedures
- NA must be free from____
- only use ___NA for testing.
- NA must be free from contamination with protein, carbohydrates, lipids, or other NA
- only use pure NA for testing
what happened if NA is impure?
- enzymes wont work properly
- measurements like conc. will not be accurate
- PCR, cloning, sequencing could fail or give wrong results
