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General Psychology > Chapter 1- intro to psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1- intro to psychology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

nature

A

Inherited biological makeup

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2
Q

nurture

A

the environment around you that shape behaviors, personality, and other characteristics.

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3
Q

Basic research

A

collecting data to support (or refute) theories. Often executed in the lab

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4
Q

Applied Research

A

focused on changing behaviors, outcomes, and real world applications. Conducted in natural settings

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5
Q

Psychology

A

the study of behavior and mental processes

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6
Q

Introspection

A

examination of ones conscious activities.

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7
Q

goals of psychology

A
  1. Describe
  2. Explain
  3. Predict
  4. Control Behavior
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8
Q

psychoanalytic perspective

A

Behavior and personality are shaped by unconscious conflicts. Created by Freud

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

determined form and most basic elements of the mind

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10
Q

Functionalism

A

focused on the function of thought processes, feelings, and behaviors and how they help us adapt to the environment

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11
Q

behaviorism

A

study of observable behavior

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12
Q

behavioral perspective

A

we tend to change our behavior based on the reaction given to the behavior. So if the behavior is given a negative response you will stop doing it and vise versa

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13
Q

pseudo psychology

A

explaining and predicting behavior or events with no evidence to support it

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14
Q

humanistic psychology

A

we are inherently good and by nature look to improve and grow

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15
Q

biological perspective

A

uses knowledge about physiological to explain behavior and mental processes. Explain how biological factors such as genes and hormones are involved in behavior and cognition

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16
Q

cognitive perspective

A

examines mental activities that direct behavior focusing on processes such as thinking memory and language

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17
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

behaviors and mental processes are shaped by the forces of evolution. shaped by natural selection

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18
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

social interactions and culture influence behavior and mental processes

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19
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

through the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

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20
Q

scientific method

A 
the process scientists use to conduct research 
a continuing cycle of:
exploration 
critical thinking
and systematic observation
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21
Q

hypothesis

A

a statement that can be used to test a prediction

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22
Q

experiment

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A

a controlled procedure that involves careful examination through the use of observation and or manipulation of variables

23
Q

theory

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A

synthesizes observations in order to explain phenomena and guide predictions to be tested through research

24
Q

operational definition

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A

the precise manner in which a variable of interest is defined and measured

25
replicate
to repeat an experiment generally with a new sample or other changes to the procedures the goal of which is to provide further support for the findings of the first study
26
variables
measurable characteristics that can vary over time or across people
27
population
all members of an identified group about which a researcher is interested
28
sample
a subset of a population chosen for inclusion in an experiment
29
random sample
a subset of the population chosen through a procedure that ensures all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study
30
representative sample
a subgroup of a population selected so that its members have characteristics similar to those of the population of interest
31
descriptive research
research methods that describe and explore behaviors but with findings that can not definitively state cause and effect relationships
32
naturalistic observation
a type of descriptive research that studies participants in their natural environment through systematic observation
33
observer bias
errors in recording of observations the result of a researchers value system expectations or attitudes
34
case study
a type of descriptive research that closely examines an individual or small group
35
survey method
a type of descriptive research that uses questionnaires or interviews to gather data
36
correlation method
a type of descriptive method examining the relationships among variables
37
correlation
an association or relationship between two or more variables
38
correlation coefficient
the statistical measure symbolized as r that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables
39
third variable
an unaccounted for characteristic of participants or the environment that explains changes in the variables of interest
40
experimental method
a type of research that manipulates a variable of interest to uncover cause and effect relationships
41
random assignment
the process of appointing study participants to the experimental or control groups ensuring that every person has an equal chance of being assigned to either
42
experimental group
the members of an experiment who are exposed to the treatment variable or manipulation by the researcher represents the treatment group
43
control group
the participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the treatment variable this is the comparison group
44
independent variable
in the experimental method the variable manipulated be the researcher to determine its effect on the dependent variable
45
dependent variable
in the experimental method the characteristic or response that is measured to determine the effect of the researcher's manipulation
46
extraneous variable
a characteristic of or the environment that could unexpectedly influence the outcome of a study
47
confounding variable
a type of extraneous variable that changes in sync with the independent variable making it difficult to discern which is causing changes in the dependent variable
48
double blind study
type of study in which neither the researcher who are administering the independent variable nor the participants know what type of treatment is being given
49
placebo
an inert substance given to members of the control group the fake treatment that has no benefit but is administered as if it does
50
experimenter bias
researchers expectations that influence the outcome of a study
51
informed consent
acknowledgement from study participants that they understand what their participation will entail
52
debriefing
sharing information with participants after their involvement in a study has ended including the purpose of the research and any deception used
53
institutional review board
a committee that reviews research proposals to protect the rights and welfare of all participants
54
positive psychology
an approach that focuses on the positive aspects of human beings and seeking to understand their strengths and uncover the roots of happiness creativity humor and so on

General Psychology (7 decks)

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