Chapter 4 - consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

the state of being aware of oneself ones thoughts and/or the environment includes various levels of conscious awareness

Question 2

cognitive psychology

Answer 2

the scientific study of mental processes such as thinking problem solving and language

Question 3

automatic processing

Answer 3

collection and sometimes storage of information without conscious effort or awareness

Question 4

selective attention

Answer 4

the ability to focus awareness on a small segment of information that is available through our sensory system

Question 5

circadian rhythm

Answer 5

the daily patterns roughly following the 24 hour cycle of daylight and darkness a 24 hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning

Question 6

beta waves

Answer 6

brain waves that indicate an alert awake state

Question 7

alpha waves

Answer 7

brain waves that indicate a relaxed drowsy state

Question 8

non rapid eye movement

Answer 8

the nondreaming sleep state that occurs during sleep stages N1-N3

Question 9

theta waves

Answer 9

brain waves that indicate light sleep

Question 10

delta waves

Answer 10

brain waves that indicate a deep sleep

Question 11

rapid eye movement

Answer 11

the stage of sleep that is associated with dreaming; sleep characterized by bursts of eye movements, with brain activity similar to that of a waking state but with a lack of muscle tone

Question 12

narcolepsy

Answer 12

a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which includes lapses into sleep and napping

Question 13

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 13

a sleep disturbance in which the mechanism responsible for paralyzing the body during REM sleep is not functioning, resulting in the acting out of dreams

Question 14

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea

Answer 14

a serious disturbance of non-REM sleep characterized by absence of airflow or reduced air flow

Question 15

insomnia

Answer 15

sleep disturbance characterized by an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep impacting both the quality and quantity of sleep

Question 16

sleep terrors

Answer 16

a disturbance in non-REM sleep that is characterized by screaming and staring fearfully and the person does not remember the episode upon waking up

Question 17

nightmares

Answer 17

frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep

Question 18

REM rebound

Answer 18

an increased amount of time spent in REM after sleep deprivation

Question 19

manifest content

Answer 19

the apparent meaning of a dream; the remembered story line of a dream

Question 20

latent content

Answer 20

the hidden meaning of a dream, often concealed by the manifest content of the dream

Question 21

activation synthesis model

Answer 21

theory proposing that humans respond to random neural activity while in REM sleep as if it has meaning

Question 22

psychoactive drugs

Answer 22

substances that can cause changes in psychological activities such as sensation, perception, attention, judgement, memory, self control, emotion, thinking, and behavior; substances that cause changes in conscious experiences

Question 23

depressants

Answer 23

a class of psychoactive drugs that depress or slow down activity in the central nervous system

Question 24

barbiturates

Answer 24

depressant drugs that decrease neural activity and reduce anxiety; a type of sedative

Question 25

opioids

Answer 25

a class of psychoactive drugs that minimize perceptions of pain

Question 26

opiates

Answer 26

a class of psychoactive drugs that cause a sense of euphoria; a drug that imitates the endorphins naturally produced in your brain

Question 27

stimulants

Answer 27

a class of drugs that increase neural activity in the central nervous system

Question 28

amphetamines

Answer 28

stimulant drugs; methamphetamine falls in this class of drugs

Question 29

hallucinogens

Answer 29

a group of psychoactive drugs that can produce hallucinations, distorted sensory experiences, alterations of mood, and distorted thinking

Question 30

lysergic acid diethylamide

Answer 30

a synthetically produced, odorless, tasteless, and colorless hallucinogen that is very potent; produces extreme changes in sensations and perceptions

Question 31

methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Answer 31

a synthetic drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline produces a combination of stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

Question 32

tetrahydrocannabinol

Answer 32

the active ingredient of marijuana

Question 33

physiological dependence

Answer 33

with constant use of some psychoactive drugs, the body no longer functions normally without the drug

Question 34

withdrawl

Answer 34

with constant use of some psychoactive drugs a condition in which the body becomes dependent and then reacts when the drug is withheld a sign of physiological dependence

Question 35

delirium tremens

Answer 35

withdrawl symptoms that can occur when a person who is psychologically dependent on alcohol suddenly stops drinking; can include sweating, restlessness, hallucinations, severe tremors, and seizures

Question 36

tolerance

Answer 36

with constant use of some physchoactive drug where you need more and more to produce the original effect

Question 37

psychological dependance

Answer 37

with constant use of some psychoactive drugs, a strong desire or need to continue using the substance occurs without the evidence of tolerance or withdrawl symptoms

Question 38

hypnosis

Answer 38

an altered state of consciousness allowing for changes in perceptions and behaviors which result from suggestions made by a hypnotist