CHAPTER 1: MEASUREMENTS

Question 1

is the discipline concerned with the treatment and analysis of numerical data
derived from biological, biomedical, and health related studies.

Answer 1

Biostatistics

Question 2

The discipline
encompasses a broad range of activities, including the design of research, collection and
organization of data, summarization of results, and interpretation of findings.

Answer 2

Biostatistics

Question 3

biostatistics encompasses —

Answer 3

broad range of activities
including the design of research
collection and organization of data, summarization of results
interpretation of findings.

Question 4

is a servant of the sciences.

Answer 4

biostatistics

Question 5

is more than just a compilation of computational techniques.

Answer 5

Biostatistics

Question 6

Biostatistics is not merely
pushing numbers through

Answer 6

formulas or computers

Question 7

it is a way to detect patterns
and judge responses.

Answer 7

Biostatistics

Question 8

is both a data detective and judge

Answer 8

statistician

Question 9

who uncovers patterns and clues

Answer 9

data detective

Question 10

who decides whether the
evidence can be trusted.

Answer 10

judge

Question 11

3 Goals of biostatistics

Answer 11

improvement of the intellectual content of the data

organization of data into understandable forms

reliance on tests of experience as a standard of validity

Question 12

it is How we get our data

Answer 12

Measurement

Question 13

The assigning of numbers or codes
according to prior-set rules.

Answer 13

Measurement

Question 14

May entail either positioning
observations along a numerical
continuum or classifying observations
into category

Answer 14

Measurement

Question 15

The unit in which measurements are
made,

Answer 15

Observation

Question 16

may correspond to individual or
specimens.

Answer 16

Observation

Question 17

are often collected with the
aid of a data collection form,

Answer 17

Data

Question 18

data on individual data
forms usually corresponding to

Answer 18

observations

Question 19

are units upon which measurements are made

Answer 19

Observations

Question 20

are the characteristics being measured

Answer 20

Variables

Question 21

are realized measurements.

Answer 21

Values

Question 22

rows

Answer 22

Observations

Question 23

columns

Answer 23

Variables

Question 24

table cells (observation x variables/ rows x columns)

Answer 24

Values

Question 25

3 TYPES OF MEASUREMENT SCALES

Answer 25

Categorical measurements Ordinal measurements Quantitative measurements

Question 26

it place observations into unordered categories.

Answer 26

Categorical measurements

Question 27

observations into classes or groups

Answer 27

Categorical measurements

Question 28

It may also be called nominal variables

Answer 28

Categorical measurements

Question 29

nominal means

Answer 29

named

Question 30

It may also be called nominal variables (nominal means named), attribute variables, and qualitative variables.

Answer 30

Categorical measurements

Question 31

place observations into categories that can be put into rank order.

Answer 31

Ordinal measurements

Question 32

represent numerical values for which arithmetic operations make sense

Answer 32

Quantitative measurements

Question 33

Some statistical sources use terms such as ratio/interval measurements, numeric variable, scale variable, and continuous variable

Answer 33

Quantitative measurements

Question 34

4 other terms Quantitative measurements

Answer 34

ratio/interval measurements numeric variable scale variable continuous variable

Question 35

(the intent to measure things as they are without shaping them to conform a preconceived worldview)

Answer 35

Objectivity

Question 36

is an important part of measurement accuracy.

Answer 36

Objectivity

Question 37

It requires a suspension of judgement; it requires us to look at all the facts, not just the facts that please us.

Answer 37

Objectivity

Question 38

2 forms of measurement errors:

Answer 38

imprecision and bias.

Question 39

expresses itself in a measurement as the inability to get the same result upon repetition.

Answer 39

Imprecision

Question 40

expresses itself as a tendency to overestimate or underestimate the true value of an object.

Answer 40

Bias