FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Question 1

is a graphical technique that
organizes data into a histogram-like display.

Answer 1

STEM PLOTS

Question 2

It is an excellent way to begin an analysis and is a good way to learn several important statistical principles.

Answer 2

steam-and-leaf plot (stem plot)

Question 3

components of setm and leaf plot

Answer 3

Stem

Leaf

Question 4

Three aspects of the distribution are
now visible:

Answer 4

Shape

Location

Spread

Question 5

refers to the configuration of data points as they
appear on the graph.

Answer 5

Shape

Question 6

This is seen as a ’skyline silhouette’.

Answer 6

Shape

Question 7

A distribution’s shape can be discussed in terms
of its

Answer 7

Symmetry

modality

kurtosis

Question 8

refers to the degree to which the
shape reflects a mirror image of itself around
it center.

Answer 8

Symmetry

Question 9

is a measurement of the
distortion of symmetrical distribution or
asymmetry in a data set.

Answer 9

Skewness

Question 10

refers to the number of
peaks on the distribution.

Answer 10

Modality

Question 11

3 kinds of modality

Answer 11

unimodal
bimodal
multimodal

Question 12

refers to the steepness of the mound.

Answer 12

Kurtosis

Question 13

3 kinds of kurtosis

Answer 13

mesokutric curve
leptokurtic curve
platykurtic curve

Question 14

Distributions that are moderate in breadth and curves with a medium peaked height.

Answer 14

Mesokurtic:

Question 15

More values in the distribution tails and more values close to the mean (i.e. sharply peaked
with heavy tails)

Answer 15

Leptokurtic:

Question 16

Fewer values in the tails and fewer values close to the mean

Answer 16

Platykurtic:

Question 17

the curve has a flat peak and
has more dispersed scores with lighter tails

Answer 17

Platykurtic:

Question 18

sharply peaked
with heavy tails

Answer 18

Leptokurtic

Question 19

refers to the center of a
distribution.

Answer 19

average

Question 20

two different ways to identify a
distribution’s average

Answer 20

arithmetic average
median

Question 21

is a distribution’s
gravitational center.

Answer 21

arithmetic average

Question 22

is the point that divides the
data set into a top half and bottom half

Answer 22

median

Question 23

has a depth of (n +1)/ 2

Answer 23

median

Question 24

is the sample size

Answer 24

n

Question 25

When n is even, the median will fall between

Answer 25

2 values

Question 26

is an informal way to refer to the dispersion or variability of data points

Answer 26

Spread

Question 27

3 Measures of Variation

Answer 27

Range (highest - lowest) Standard Deviation Variance

Question 28

tables are a traditional way to describe the distribution of counts in a data set.

Answer 28

Frequency

Question 29

Three types of frequencies

Answer 29

frequency column relative frequency cumulative frequency

Question 30

column that contains counts

Answer 30

frequency

Question 31

column contains frequency counts divided by the total with values expressed as a percentage

Answer 31

relative frequency

Question 32

column contains precents that fall within or below a given level

Answer 32

cumulative frequency

Question 33

is one which can take only isolated values

Answer 33

discrete variable

Question 34

Normally, it does not carry any fractional value. Usually it is the result of counting something

Answer 34

discrete variable

Question 35

is also called a discontinuous variable

Answer 35

discrete variable

Question 36

is capable of assuming any fractional value within a specified range of values.

Answer 36

continuous variable

Question 37

It is the result of measuring something.

Answer 37

continuous variable

Question 38

2 Class-limits

Answer 38

lower limit upper limit

Question 39

the smallest possible measurement in a class is known as lower limit

Answer 39

lower limit

Question 40

the highest possible measurement

Answer 40

upper limit

Question 41

is the point lying halfway between the lower limit and the upper limit.

Answer 41

Mid-point of a Class Interval

Question 42

mid point formula

Answer 42

(L + U) / 2

Question 43

meaning of L in midpoint formula

Answer 43

lower limit

Question 44

# * meaning of U in midpoint formula

Answer 44

upper limit

Question 45

means the difference between the upper limit and lower limit of a class interval.

Answer 45

magnitude of a class interval

Question 46

Two types of classification according to the class-intervals

Answer 46

exclusive method inclusive method

Question 47

in this method the upper limit of a class becomes the lower limit of the next class.

Answer 47

exclusive method

Question 48

in this method we do not put any item that is equal to the upper limit of a class in the same class but we put it in the next class

Answer 48

exclusive method

Question 49

here, the upper limits of classes are excluded from them

Answer 49

exclusive method

Question 50

in this method the upper limimt of any class interval is kept in the same class-interval

Answer 50

Inclusive method

Question 51

in this method the upper limit of a previous class is less by 1 from the lower limit of the next class interval.

Answer 51

inclusive method

Question 52

this method allows a class-interval to include both its lower and upper limits within it

Answer 52

inclusive method

Question 53

4 kinds of frequency charts

Answer 53

Bar charts Histograms Frequency Polygon Pie charts

Question 54

is a good choice when you want to compare the frequencies of different values. It’s much easier to compare the heights of bars than the angles of pie chart slices.

Answer 54

bar chart

Question 55

2 types of bar graphs

Answer 55

horizontal bar graphs and vertical bar graphs

Question 56

horizontal bar graphs and vertical bar graphs

Answer 56

bar graphs

Question 57

the bars are placed continuously side by side without a gap between consecutive bars.

Answer 57

Histograms

Question 58

is a line graph of class frequency plotted against class midpoint

Answer 58

frequency polygon

Question 59

It can be obtained by joining the midpoints of the tops of the rectangles in the histogram

Answer 59

frequency polygon

Question 60

is a circle that’s divided into one slice for each value.

Answer 60

pie chart

Question 61

in pie charts, the size of the slices shows their ----

Answer 61

relative frequency