Chapter 1 - Nomenclature

Question 1

Substituents

Answer 1

Functional groups not part of the parent chain

Question 2

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Answer 2

Standards for naming chemical compunds

Question 3

Alkanes

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons without any double or triple bonds
- CnH(2n+2)
- Named by # of carbons present followed by -ane

Question 4

Alkenes

Answer 4

Contain double and triple bonds
- named by substituting -ene

Question 5

Alkynes

Answer 5

Contain double and triple bonds
- Named by substituting -yne

Question 6

Alcohols

Answer 6

Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group
- Named by substituting suffix -ol or hydroxy-

Question 7

Diols

Answer 7

Contain 2 hydroxyl groups
- Geminal if on same carbon
- Vicinal if on adjacent carbon

Question 8

Carbonyl group

Answer 8

carbon double bonded to an oxygen

Question 9

Aldehyde

Answer 9

carbonyl group on a terminal carbon that is also attached to a hydrogen atom
- Named with -al or oxo-

Question 10

Ketones

Answer 10

Carbonyl group on a nonterminal carbon
- Named with -one or oxo- or keto-

Question 11

Carboxylic Acids

Answer 11

Highest-priority functional group
- Contain 3 bonds to oxygen —> 1 from hydroxyl and 2 from carbonyl
- Always terminal
- Named with -oic acid

Question 12

Esters

Answer 12

Derivatives where -OH is replaced with -OR, an alkoxy group
- Use -oate or alkoxycarbonyl-

Question 13

Amides

Answer 13

Replace hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group
- Use -amide, carbamoyl-, or amido-
- Substituents attached to amide nitrogen are designated with N-

Question 14

Anhydrides

Answer 14

Formed from 2 carboxylic acids by dehydration
- May be symmetric (2 of same acid), asymmetric (2 different acids), or cyclic
- Uses anhydride in place of acid