Chapter 6/7 - Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

Aldehydes

Answer 1

Terminal functional groups containing a carbonyl bonded to at least 1 hydrogen
- Suffix -al; prefix oxo-
- In rings, suffix -carbaldehyde

Question 2

Ketones

Answer 2

Internal functional groups containing a carbonyl bonded to 2 alkyl chains
- Suffix -one; prefix oxo- or keto-

Question 3

α - carbon

Answer 3

Carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon

Question 4

α-hydrogens

Answer 4

Hydrogens attached to the α-carbon
- Relatively acidic

Question 5

Enolates

Answer 5

organic anions derived from the deprotonation of carbonyl (RR’C=O) compounds

Question 6

Tautomers

Answer 6

Isomers that can be interconverted by moving a hydrogen and a double bond

Question 7

Kinetic enolate

Answer 7

Favored by fast, irreversible reactions at lower temperatures with strong, sterically hindered bases

Question 8

Thermodynamic enolate

Answer 8

Favored by slower, reversible reactions at higher temperatures with weaker, smaller bases

Question 9

Enamines

Answer 9

tautomer of imines

Question 10

Aldol

Answer 10

Contains both aldehyde and alcohol functional groups