Chapter 12 - Separations and Purifications

Question 1

Extraction

Answer 1

Combines 2 immiscible liquids, one of which easily dissolves the compound of interest

Question 2

Aqueous Phase

Answer 2

Water (polar) layer
- Dissolves compounds with hydrogen bonding or polarity

Question 3

Organic phase

Answer 3

Nonpolar layer
- Dissolves nonpolar compounds

Question 4

Wash

Answer 4

Small amount of solvent that dissolves impurities is run over compound of interest
- reverse of extraction

Question 5

Filtration

Answer 5

Isolates a solid (residue) from a liquid (filtrate)

Question 6

Gravity filtration

Answer 6

Used when the product of interest is in filtrate

Question 7

Vacuum filtration

Answer 7

Used when the product of interest is the solid

Question 8

Distillation

Answer 8

Separates liquids according to differences in their boiling points

Question 9

Distillate

Answer 9

Liquid with lowest boiling point
- Vaporizes first

Question 10

Simple distillation

Answer 10

Used if the boiling points are under 150° C and are at least 25°C apart

Question 11

Vacuum distillation

Answer 11

Used if the boiling points are over 150°C to prevent degradation of the product

Question 12

Fractional distillation

Answer 12

used if the boiling points are less than 25° C apart

Question 13

Chromatography

Answer 13

use 2 phases to separate compounds based on physical or chemical properties