Chapter 1: Part A

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Question 2

Define Physiology

Answer 2

Physiology is the study of the function of body parts

Question 3

Define macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

the study of LARGE visible structures

Question 4

Define microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 5

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 5

Regional anatomy looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

Question 6

What is system anatomy?

Answer 6

System anatomy looks at just one system (nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, etc.)

Question 7

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 7

Surface anatomy studies the internal structures that relate to the overlying skin surface

Question 8

What is cytology?

Answer 8

microscopic study of cells

Question 9

What is histology?

Answer 9

microscopic study of tissues

Question 10

What is developmental anatomy?

Answer 10

structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan

Question 11

What is embryology?

Answer 11

subdivision of developmental anatomy, studies the developmental changes before birth

Question 12

What is pathological anatomy?

Answer 12

The study of structural changes caused by diseases

Question 13

What is radiography anatomy?

Answer 13

The study of internal studies as visualized x-rays

Question 14

What is renal physiology?

Answer 14

studies kidney function and urine production

Question 15

What is neurophysiology?

Answer 15

explains the workings of the nervous system

Question 16

What is cardiovascular physiology?

Answer 16

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 17

What is the principle of complementary structure and function?

Answer 17

states that what structure can do depends on its specific form

Question 18

What are the levels of structural organization?

Answer 18

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal

Question 19

Define each level of structural organization

Answer 19

chemical - atoms, molecules, and organelles
cellular - single cell
tissue - group of similiar cells organ - two or more types of tissues
organ system - organs that work together
organismal - all organ systems combined

Question 20

What are the necessary life functions?

Answer 20

maintaining boundaries, movement, respond to environmental changes, take in nutrients, metabolism, dispose of wastes, and reproduction/growth

Question 21

Define Homeostasis

Answer 21

maintaining stable internal conditions despite environmental changes

Question 22

What are some examples of homeostasis?

Answer 22

regulating body temperature, maintaining blood glucose levels, controlling blood pressure

Question 23

What are the three homeostatic controls? Also known as the feedback loop

Answer 23

receptor, control center, and effector

Question 24

What does a receptor do?

Answer 24

monitors environment and responds to stimuli (changes)

Question 25

What does a control center do?

Answer 25

determines set point at which variable is maintained, receives input from receptor, and determines appropriate response

Question 26

What does an effector do?

Answer 26

receives output from control center, provides the means to respond, and response either reduces stimuli or enhances it

Question 27

What is negative feedback?

Answer 27

response causes change in opposite direction (ex- if blood glucose is high, neg feedback lowers it)

Question 28

What is positive feedback?

Answer 28

response enhances the original stimulus