Chapter 1: Partlicles Of Matter Flashcards
Mass
The quantity of matter in any object
Matter
Everything that has mass & occupies space
Chemistry
The study of composition, structure, & properties
Pure substances
Form of matter - have a constant composition & cannot be broken down into simpler matter by any physical process (water)
Physical process
A transformation of a sample of matter (change in its physical state) that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample (solid to liquid)
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds
Pure substance that is composed of 2 or more elements combined in fixed proportions & that can be broken down into those elements by a chemical reaction
Mixture
A form of matter that is composed of 2 or more substances that retain their own chemical identities & can be separated from one another by a physical process
Homogeneous mixture (also called solutions)
A mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout & have no visible boundaries or regions (first sip of water is the same as the last)
Heterogenous mixture
A mixture in which components are not distributed evenly, so that the mixture contains distinct regions of different compositions (oil & water layers in a bottle of salad dressing)
Atoms
The smallest particle of an element that retains the elements properties
Molecule
A collection of atoms chemically bonded together by chemical bonds in characteristic proportions
Chemical bond
A force that holds 2 atoms or ions in a compound together
Energy
A capacity to do work
Law of constant composition
Every sample of a compound always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions
Ions
A particle consisting of one or more atoms that has a net positive or negative electrical charge
Cations
An ion with a positive charge
Anions
An ion with a negative charge
COAST
Collect, Organize, Analyze, Solve, Think
Intensive properties
A property that is independent of the amount of substance present (its Color, its hardness)
Extensive properties
A property that varies with the quantities of the substance (has a length, width, volume)
Physical properties
A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
Density (d)
The ratio of the mass (m) of an object to its volume (V) - d=m/V
Chemical property
A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance (flammability)
