Chapter 3: Stoichiometry (mass, Formulas, Reactions) Flashcards
Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms in their molecules
Reactant
A substance consumed during a chemical reaction
Product
A substance formed during a chemical reaction
Combination reaction
A reaction in which two (or more) substances combine to form one product
Mole (mol)
The SI base unit for expressing quantities of substances - one mole contains 6.02214076x10^23 particles/mol
Molecular mass
The mass of one molecule of a molecular compound
Formula mass
The mass of one formula unit of an ionic compound
Stoichiometry
The quantitative relationship between reactants & products in a chemical reaction
Law of conversion of mass
The principle that the sum of the masses of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the masses of the products
Combustion reaction
A heat-producing reaction between oxygen and another element or compound
Limiting reagent
A reactant that is consumed completely in a chemical reaction: the amount of product formed depends on the amount of the limiting reactant available
Theoretical yield
The maximum amount of product possible in a chemical reaction for given quantities of reactants
Actual yield
The amount of the product obtained from a chemical reaction, which may be less than the theoretical yield
Percent yield
The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the actual yield of a chemical reaction to the theoretical yield
Percent composition
The composition of a compound expressed in terms of the percentage by mass of each element in the compound
Mass spectrometer
An instrument that separates and counts ions according to their mass-to-charge ratios
Molecular ions
The peak of highest mass in a mass spectrum; it has the same mass as the molecule from which it came
Mass spectrum
A graph of the data from a mass spectrometer
Combustion analysis
A lab procedure for determining the composition of a substance by burning it completely in excess oxygen to produce known compounds whose masses are used to determine the composition of the original material
