Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

What is a microorganism

Answer 1

Microscopic and diverse.

some can be seen by the naked eye

Question 2

size of an e. coli cell

Answer 2

2 micrometers

Question 3

Varicella-zoster
virus 1

Answer 3

100 nanometers

Question 4

Prochlorococcus

Answer 4

500 nanometers

Question 5

Spirogyra

Answer 5

5 centimeters

Question 6

Pelomyxa

Answer 6

5 millimeters

Question 7

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 7

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 8

Which microorganisms are not found in the 3 domains of life?

Answer 8

viruses

Question 9

Which domains contain prokaryotic cells and which domains contain eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

prokaryotic- Bacteria, Archaea

eukaryotic- Eukarya

Question 10

Any microscopic organism. Mainly bacteria, protists, some fungi, and even some tiny multi-cellular organisms.

Answer 10

microbes

Question 11

Mother of nursing. Suggested using clean linens and changing wounds for soldiers to prevent infection. Founder of Medical Statistics

Answer 11

Florence Nightingale

Question 12

invented the compound microscope and coined the term “cell”

Answer 12

Robert Hocke

Question 13

Father of Microbiology. The first person to see prokaryotes (“little beasties/animacules”) through a microscope

Answer 13

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 14

used broth that did not become contaminated to disprove spontaneous generation (but no air)

Answer 14

Spallanzani

Question 15

used swan-necked flask that allowed air to disprove spontaneous generation.

Answer 15

Louis Pasteur

Question 16

showed chains of infection using the scientific method with Bacillus anthraces and determined the etiology of tuberculosis

Answer 16

Robert Koch

Question 17

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 17

1) Pathogen must be present in all disease cases

2) Isolate pathogen, cultivate in pure culture

3) Inoculate into susceptible animal, initiate disease symptoms

4) Re-isolate pathogen, confirm it’s the same pathogen

Question 18

Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796

Answer 18

Edward jenner

Question 19

hand washing pioneer to prevent Puerperal fever after birth

Answer 19

Ignas Semmelweis

Question 20

• Discovered lithotrophs
• Developed enrichment cultures
• Built environmental column

Answer 20

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 21

What is the significance of Thiomargarita namibiensis

Answer 21

bacteria About the size of an eyelash

Question 22

Why is it difficult to classify a virus as a living organism?

Answer 22

They are acellular

no metabolism

cannot reproduce on their own

Question 23

First cellular genome to be sequenced

Answer 23

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 24

first ever genome to be sequenced

Answer 24

Bacteriophage MS2

Question 25

What is the difference between a genome and a metagenome?

Answer 25

genome is taken from a direct source and a metagenome is taken from an environment

Question 26

Evidence suggest single-celled organisms were on the Earth ______________________ billion years ago

Answer 26

4 billion

Question 27

What organism did Robert Koch first work with?

Answer 27

Bacillus anthraces

Question 28

Developed the anthrax and rabies vaccine

Answer 28

Louis Pasteur

Question 29

metabolize inorganic minerals, such as ammonia, instead of the organic nutrients used by the microbes isolated by Koch

Answer 29

lithotrophs