Chapter 1 Summary

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

Logical Inquiry based on experimentations

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

idea or principle to be tested in experiments

Question 3

Experiment

Answer 3

Series of tests of the hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

a hypothesis that has been proved by experiments to have a high degree of confidence

Question 5

Law

Answer 5

A theory that has an unusually high level of confidence

Question 6

Process of science

Answer 6

active and changing as new experiments add new knowledge

Question 7

Science Affected By

Answer 7

cultuer, culture by society

Question 8

Anatomy

Answer 8

science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts

Question 9

Gross Anatomy

Answer 9

Study of the body and its parts relying only on the naked eye as a tool for observation

Question 10

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 10

study of body parts with a microscope

Question 11

cytology

Answer 11

study of cells

Question 12

histology

Answer 12

study of tissues

Question 13

development anatomy

Answer 13

study of human growth and development

Question 14

pathological anatomy

Answer 14

study of diseased body structures

Question 15

systemic anatomy

Answer 15

study of the body by systems

Question 16

phsyiology

Answer 16

science of the functions of organisms; subdivisions according to (organism level or organizational level)

Question 17

Organism involed

Answer 17

human or plant physiology

Question 18

organizational level

Answer 18

molecular or cellular physiology

Question 19

systemic function

Answer 19

respiratory physiology, neurophysiology,cardiovascular physiology

Question 20

Autopoiesis

Answer 20

living organisms are self-organized and self-maintaining

Question 21

Cell theory

Answer 21

if its made of one or more cells, it is alive

Question 22

Metabolism

Answer 22

all complex chemical reactions that drive life; anabolism, catabolism, synthesis, homeostasis

Question 23

Anabolism

Answer 23

to build

Question 24

Catabolism

Answer 24

to break doqn

Question 25

Synthesis

Answer 25

converting non-self into self

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

living habitat

Question 27

Characteristics of living things

Answer 27

Autopoietic, cellular, cell theory, exhibit metabolism, growth and reproduction, responsiveness, adaptation

Question 28

Chemical level of organization

Answer 28

all living things are composed of atoms and molecules (in cytoplasm)

Question 29

Organelle level

Answer 29

Mitochondria, nucleus, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (parts of cells)

Question 30

Cellular level

Answer 30

Cell has nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm within a limiting membrane. Smallest and most numerous units that possess and exhibit charecteristics of life. perform different functions

Question 31

Tissue Level

Answer 31

Organization of similar cells specialized to perform certain function, surrounded by nonliving matrix

Question 32

Four major tissue types

Answer 32

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 33

Organ level

Answer 33

organization of several kinds of tissues to perform a specific function, Represent discrete and functionally complex operational units.

Question 34

Organ System

Answer 34

varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex functions (organism, population, community, ecosystem

Question 35

Integumentary

Answer 35

Function: Barrier Example: skin and its appendages

Question 36

Skeletal

Answer 36

Function:support, protection | Ex. Bones and cartilage

Question 37

Muscular

Answer 37

Function: movement and support | Ex. Muscles

Question 38

Nervous

Answer 38

Short term, in charge Function: communication (electro-chemical control) Example: CNS PNS (central nervous system, peripheral nervous system)

Question 39

Endocrine

Answer 39

(Long term) function: chemical communication control example: glands, hormones, (message system)

Question 40

Cariovascular

Answer 40

Function: transportation, circulation Example: heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 41

Lymphatic

Answer 41

Function: fluid balance, immunity Example: spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes

Question 42

Immune

Answer 42

Function: defense, protection example: involves the inpot of many different systems

Question 43

Respiratory

Answer 43

Function: gas exchange Example: lungs

Question 44

Digestive

Answer 44

Function: digestive, absorption, excretion Example: Mouth, stomach, intestines

Question 45

Urinary

Answer 45

Function: water homeostasis, filtration, Example: kidneys

Question 46

Reproductive

Answer 46

Function: gamete production, gestation, ex: gonads, genitals

Question 47

Systems of the Body

Answer 47

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, control,endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 48

Mediastinum

Answer 48

Heart, trachea, right and left bronchi, esophagus, thymus gland, aortic arch and thoracic aorta, venae cavae, various lymph nodes and nerves, thoracic duct

Question 49

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 49

Right and Left Pleural Cavities, Mediastinum

Question 50

AbsominoPevlic Cavity

Answer 50

Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity

Question 51

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 51

Liver, Gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters

Question 52

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 52

Urinary bladder, female reproductive organs, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, male reproductive organs, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, parts of vas deference, part of a large intestine, namely, sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 53

Homeostasis

Answer 53

Maintained through feedback control loops (negative and positive) temperature (regulation of blood solutes [co2 or glucose] hormonal regulation)

Question 54

Negative Feedback Control Loops

Answer 54

Inhibitory produce an action opposite to the change that activated the system (like a thermostat) (pH, hormone levels, blood glucose levels, temperature)

Question 55

Positive Feedback Loops

Answer 55

stimulatory, amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring, tend to produce (sneezing, blood clotting, orgasm, child birth)