Chapter 1 terms/ test

Question 1

Study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement

Answer 1

structural kinsieolgy

Question 2

True or false : there are only 100 muscles

Answer 2

False: > 600( more than 600)

Question 3

With your knowledge… Describe what is anatomical position and what is fundamental positon?

Answer 3

Anatomical: your body is erect.. facing forward.. palms are facing front as well( facing up)

Fundamental: Same as anatomical: but the only difference is that your palms are not facing up. They are facing on the side

Question 4

The neck is to the …… chest

Answer 4

superior

Question 5

The neck is to the ….head

Answer 5

inferior

Question 6

Abdomen is…..to the spinal column

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

Shoulder blades are……. to the chest

Answer 7

posterior

Question 8

Hand is …. to the upper arm

Answer 8

disal

Question 9

Shoulder is…….to upper arm

Answer 9

proximal

Question 10

nose is to the….. ears

Answer 10

medial

Question 11

arms are to the …. spine

Answer 11

lateral

Question 12

beneath or below the surface

Answer 12

deep

Question 13

Near the surface( closer to the surface)

Used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

Answer 13

superficial `

Question 14

Lying on the back

Face-upward position of the body

Answer 14

supine

Question 15

Face-downward position of the body

Lying on the stomach

Answer 15

prone

Question 16

Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved

Answer 16

plane

Question 17

There is a …..degree relationship between a plane of motion and its axis

Answer 17

ninety-degre

Question 18

Motion through a plane revolves around an axis( is ……

Answer 18

perpendicular

Question 19

true or false: planes divide the body into 2 halves. and cardinal planes divide the body into equal halves

Answer 19

true

Question 20

In front or in the front part

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

In front and below

Answer 21

anteroinferior

Question 22

in front and to outside

Answer 22

anterolateral

Question 23

In front and toward the inner side or midline

Answer 23

anteromedial

Question 24

Relating to both front and rear

Answer 24

anteroposterior

Question 25

in front and above

Answer 25

anterosuperior

Question 26

Behind, in back, or in the rear

Answer 26

posteior

Question 27

On or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the median or midsagittal plane

Answer 28

medial

Question 29

the cardinal planes are...

Answer 29

transverse, saggital, and frontal

Question 30

line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)

Answer 30

mix axillary line

Question 31

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum

Answer 31

mid sternal line

Question 32

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold

Answer 32

anteior axillary line

Question 33

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold

Answer 33

psoterior axillary line

Question 34

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the mid-point of the clavicle

Answer 34

mid calvicular line

Question 35

A point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

Answer 35

mid inguinal point

Question 36

A line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula

Answer 36

scaupla line

Question 37

A line running vertically down through the spinous processes of the spine

Answer 37

verterbal line

Question 38

Relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right and left extremities

Answer 38

bilateral

Question 39

Below in relation to another structure; inferior

Answer 39

caudal

Question 40

: Directionally from tail to head in the long axis of the body

Answer 40

caudocephald

Question 41

Above in relation to another structure; higher, superior

Answer 41

cephallic

Question 42

Directionally from head to tail in the long axis of the body

Answer 42

cephocaudal

Question 43

Pertaining or relating to the opposite side

Answer 43

contrallateral

Question 44

Relating to, or situated to the right or on the right side of, something

Answer 44

dexter

Question 45

: Relating to the fibular (lateral) side of the knee, leg, ankle, or foot

Answer 45

fibular

Question 46

Below and to the outside

Answer 46

inferolateral

Question 47

Below and toward the midline or inside

Answer 47

inferomedial

Question 48

On the same side

Answer 48

ispilateral

Question 49

Relating to the palm or volar aspect of the hand

Answer 49

palmar

Question 50

Relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot

Answer 50

plantar

Question 51

Behind or in back and below

Answer 51

posterioinferior

Question 52

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

Answer 52

posterlateral

Question 53

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

Answer 53

postermedial

Question 54

Behind or in back and above

Answer 54

postesuperior

Question 55

From the center of the body out toward the distal ends of appendages

Answer 55

proxximodistal

Question 56

Relating to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something

Answer 56

sinster

Question 57

Relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot

Answer 57

volar

Question 58

Increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

Answer 58

Kyphosis:

Question 59

Abnormal or excessive rotation forward of a structure, such as femoral anteversion

Answer 59

anteversion

Question 60

Increased curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane

Answer 60

lordosis

Question 61

Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

Answer 61

Recurvatum:

Question 62

abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

Answer 62

retroversion

Question 63

Lateral curving of the spine

Answer 63

Scoliosis

Question 64

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees

Answer 64

valgus

Question 65

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in bowlegs

Answer 65

varus

Question 66

The ... plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

Answer 66

saggital planes

Question 67

the ... plane divides the body into anteior and posterior

Answer 67

frontal planes

Question 68

the ... plane divides the body into superior and inferior

Answer 68

transverse plane

Question 69

what is the axis of rotatation for the following planes?Frontal (coronal, lateral, or mediolateral) saggital vertical

Answer 69

saggital plane frontal plane transverse plane

Question 70

what are the common movements that occur in the following planes? Saggital transverse frontal

Answer 70

flextion; extension interal and external rotation adduction and abduction

Question 71

Go on page 8 of the textbook in chapter one to get familar with the body regions and diagram

Answer 71

refer to the textbook

Question 72

True or false: we have about 206 bones in the skeletal system

Answer 72

true

Question 73

206 of which are 80 axial and 126 appedicular

Answer 73

true

Question 74

What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 74

1. support and protection 2. mineral stroage and hemopisies 3. attachment for muscles and movements

Question 75

What is hemoposises?

Answer 75

its is blood cell formaton in the red bone marrow

Question 76

The skeletion is divided into two sections? what are they?

Answer 76

Appendicular and axial

Question 77

What consist of the appendicular and axial?

Answer 77

composed of the appendages, or the upper and lower extremities, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles. axial: skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Question 78

True or falseThe exact number of bones as well as their specific features occasionally varies from person to person

Answer 78

true

Question 79

The skeltal system has 5 functions? What are they?

Answer 79

Protection of vital soft tissues such as the heart, lungs, and brain Support to maintain posture Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers Storage for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus Hemopoiesis, which is the process of blood formation that occurs in the red bone marrow located in the vertebral bodies, femur, humerus, ribs, and sternum

Question 80

Breifly define wolf Law?

Answer 80

Wolf law is basically a law that states that bone size and shape are greatly influenced by ammount of stress and force you put on the bones . The high stress you put on the bone- the stonger your bones will be the less stress you put on your bones- the weaker and short they will be

Question 81

combination of more than one plane of motion

Answer 81

Diagonal plane

Question 82

Anatomical landmarks determining muscle location and attachment and joint function

Answer 82

bone markings

Question 83

Bone markings are divided into two things

Answer 83

processes: and cavities

Question 84

Point of contact of two or more bones

Answer 84

joint articulation

Question 85

what are the three types of joints?

Answer 85

synathrodial amphiathrodial diathrodial

Question 86

clasifed as the freely movable joint

Answer 86

diathrodial

Question 87

no movment

Answer 87

synathrodial

Question 88

little movment

Answer 88

amphiathrodial

Question 89

synovial joints | bony ends are covered by ....cartilage and the ....

Answer 89

joint capusule

Question 90

Motion in 1 plane equals Motion in 2 planes equals Motion in 3 planes equals

Answer 90

1 degree of freedom of motion 2 degrees of freedom of motion 3 degrees of freedom of motion

Question 91

what are the 6 types of diathrodial type of bone arrangment?

Answer 91

``` 1. hinge 2 pivot 3. ball and socket 4. saddle. 5.glinding 6.condyloid ```

Question 92

which is one degree of motion

Answer 92

hinge and pivot

Question 93

which is two degree of motion

Answer 93

condyloid

Question 94

which is three defrees of motion

Answer 94

ball and socket and saddle

Question 95

describe the davis law

Answer 95

- some people are just born with variations betwwen joints due to herditdity

Question 96

Ligaments, muscle, and other soft tissue when placed under appropriate tension will adapt over time by lengthening; conversely, when maintained in a loose or shorted state over a period of time, they will gradually shorten

Answer 96

davis law

Question 97

what are the five factors that effect mobilty and stabiiy if a bone?

Answer 97

1. bones 2. cartliage 3. ligaments and soft tissues 4, muscles 5, propercpetion and motor control

Question 98

Area through which a joint may normally be freely and painlessly moved

Answer 98

Range of motion

Question 99

Movement away from midline of the body | Lateral movement

Answer 99

abduction

Question 100

Movement toward midline of the body | Medial movement

Answer 100

adduction

Question 101

Reduction of angle formed by the bones of the joint

Answer 101

flexion

Question 102

Increase of the joint angleReturning a joint in flexion to anatomical position

Answer 102

extension

Question 103

Further extension beyond anatomical position

Answer 103

hyperextension

Question 104

Anterior surface of limb rotates laterally (away from midline)

Answer 104

external rotation

Question 105

Anterior surface of limb rotates medially (toward midline)

Answer 105

internal roataion

Question 106

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body

Answer 106

diagonal adduction

Question 107

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body

Answer 107

digonal abduction

Question 108

Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

Answer 108

circumduction

Question 109

circumduction is a combination of

Answer 109

flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Question 110

Turning the subtalar and traverse tarsal joints of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane; abduction, characterized by the soles of the feet being turned outward. An example is standing with the weight on the inner edge of the foot.

Answer 110

eversion

Question 111

Turning the subtalar and traverse tarsal joints medially into adduction in the frontal plane; characterized by the soles of the feet being turned inward. An example is standing with the weight on the outer edge of the foot.

Answer 111

inverrsion

Question 112

: Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane.

Answer 112

dorsal flexion

Question 113

Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane.

Answer 113

plantar flexion

Question 114

A position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out).

Answer 114

pronation

Question 115

A position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in

Answer 115

supination

Question 116

Pronation: Internally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies diagonally across the ulna, resulting in the palm-down position of the forearm. Supination: Externally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna, resulting in the palm-up position of the forearm.

Answer 116

Pronation: Supination:

Question 117

Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug. Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is shrugging the shoulders. Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine. Abduction of the scapula.( moving shoulders fowafd) : Backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine. Adduction of the scapula. ( moving shoulder backwards) Rotation downward: Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation. The inferior angle may actually move upward slightly as the scapula continues in extreme downward rotation. Rotation upward: Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward.

Answer 117

Depression: Elevation: Protraction (abduction): Retraction (adduction): Rotation downward: Rotation upward:

Question 118

Horizontal abduction: Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction. Horizontal adduction: Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adduction. Scaption: Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30 to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal planes.

Answer 118

Horizontal abduction: Horizontal adduction: Scaption:

Question 119

Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine. returnn of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine.

Answer 119

Lateral flexion (side bending): Reduction:

Question 120

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion): Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm. Palmar flexion: Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm. Radial flexion (radial deviation): Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm. Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation): Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. Opposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers. Reposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers.

Answer 120

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion): Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm. Palmar flexion: Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm. Radial flexion (radial deviation): Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm. Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation): Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm. Opposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers.( attaching thumb to little pink) Reposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers.