Chapter 11

Question 1

…articulatingvertebrae that are free moving; ….that are fused
….pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 1

24 articulatingvertebrae that are free moving; 9 that are fused
31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 2

What are the three functions of the spinal collumn?

Answer 2

Support and posture
protect the spinal cord
supports the wright of the body above the pelvis `

Question 3

Composed of …….vertebrae stacked into a column, each separated by a…..and joined by …..

Answer 3

33 verterbare stacked into a column, each sperated by a cartinlagous disc and joined by ligaments and muscles.

Question 4

How many transverse and spinous proccesss are there?

Answer 4

2 transverse and 1 spinous

Question 5

the disc contain
An outer rim of dense fibrocartilage
........
Central gelatinous, pulpy substance 
.......

Answer 5

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus Puplosus

Question 6

the functions of the intervertebral disks are

Answer 6

Function
Space the vertebrae
Shock absorption
Allows compression and torsion

Question 7

what are the names of the first two vertebrare?

Answer 7

atlas and axis

Question 8

Slipped disc’

Age, injury make intervertebral disks less resilient, resulting in a weakened ……

Answer 8

herinated Nucleus Populus

annulus fibrousus

Question 9

how many ribs are true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs ?

Answer 9

7 true ribs
5 pairs of false ribs
3 attached indirectly to the sternum
2 of these false ribs are floating ribs

Question 10

there is more movemnt in the ______ and _______ regions of the spinal column than in the ______region.

Answer 10

Cervical and lumbar

Thoracic

Question 11

Why is there not much movment in the thoraic region?

Answer 11

Because of the ribs

Question 12

Name the two joints

Answer 12

atlantooccipatial joint

and atlanoaxial joint

Question 13

Describe the atlantoccipatal joint

Answer 13

condyloid joint

occiptal condyoles on the first fossa of the verterbra Capital flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion

Question 14

Describe the atlantoaxial joint

Answer 14

Pivot joint Atlas and axis

More movement than between other vertebrae: rotation

Question 15

Anterior movement of the spine

Answer 15

Spinal flexion

Question 16

head moves towards the chest

Answer 16

Cervical flexion

Question 17

Thorax moves toward the pelvis

Answer 17

lumbar flexion

Question 18

Posterior movement of the spine

Answer 18

Spinal extension

Question 19

head moves away from the chest

Answer 19

cervical extension

Question 20

thorax moves away from the pelvis

Answer 20

lumbar extension

Question 21

Head moves laterally toward the shoulder

Answer 21

cervical lateral flexion

Question 22

Thorax moves laterally toward the pelvis

Answer 22

Lumbar lateral flexion

Question 23

Excessive curvature of thoracic spine

Hunchback/round shoulders

Answer 23

Kyposhisos

Question 24

Excessive curvature of the lumbar spine

Swayback

Answer 24

Lordosis

Question 25

Excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column

Usually in thoracic spine, but may also occur in cervical and lumbar spine

Answer 25

Scolosis

Question 26

What exercises can help strengthen the errector Spinae muscles?

Answer 26

Back extension and dead lifts

Question 27

how can the quadratus lumbraom be strenghtened?

Answer 27

Strengthened by trunk rotation, lateral flexion against resistance

Question 28

described as a sway back

Answer 28

lordisidis

Question 29

Described as having a hunchback or round shouders

Answer 29

kyphosis