Chapter 1 - The Main Themes Of Microbiology Flashcards by Monica Gonzales

What is the specialized area of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

Microbiology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Another word for microbes?

Microorganisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many groups of microorganisms are there?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 5 Major group types of microorganisms?

Algae, bacteria, Protozoa, helminths, fungi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated

genetic elements that cause harm to host cells?

Viruses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What reproduces rapidly?

Microbes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes are a large population that can be grown where?

Laboratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An addition to microscopes, what must be analyzed through indirect methods?

Microbes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What branch of microbiology deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals?

Medical Microbiology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which branch monitors and controls the spread of diseases in communities?

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What branch deals with complex webs of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection?

Immunology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Immunologists assist with what?

Vaccinations, blood testing, and allergy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do immunologist look for

in regards to Cancer and autoimmune diseases?

They look at how the immune system effect such diseases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What branch safeguards our foods and water?

Industrial Microbiology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Industrial Microbiology uses what kind of technology?

Biotechnology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Industrial microbiologists use microbes to create what?

Amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What branch specializes in plant an animals?

Agricultural microbiology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Agricultural microbiologists research the relationship between ___ and ___?

Domesticated plants animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who study’s the effects of microbes on the Earth’s diverse habitats?

Environmental microbiologists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aquatic, soil, and geomicrobiology, and astrobiology are specimens ___ studies?

Environmental microbiologists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What shaped the development of the earth’s habitats and the evolution of other life forms for billions of years?

Microbes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What arose 3.5 billion years ago?

Single -celled organisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who arose from the Last universal Common ancestor?

Bacteria,archaea and eukaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells with a nucleus are classified as?

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True nucleus is called?

Eukary

Pre nucleus is called?

Prokary

What does not have a nucleus and is considered a prokaryote?

Bacteria and archaea

Why are bacteria and archaea no longer classified as prokaryotes?

Genetically distant

Where are Bacteria found?

Deep in the earth’s crust, polar ice caps, oceans, inside the bodies of plants and animals

Bacteria are considered?

Ubiquitous- Found in abundance

What is the accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their environments?

Evolution

What are microbes deeply involved in?

Deeply involved in the flow of energy and food through the earth’s ecosystems

What allowed microbial species to diversify?

The production of oxygen

What are photosynthetic microorganisms?

Bacteria and algae

What is considered to be anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Bacteria

What contributes to 70% of the Earth’s photosynthesis?

Photosynthetic microOrganisms (bacteria and algae)

What contributes to the majority of the oxygen in the atmosphere?

Photosynthetic microorganisms

What is decomposition?

Breakdown of dead matter and wastes

What is decomposition accomplished by?

Bacteria and Fungi

What drives the structure and content of soil, water, and atmosphere?

Microbes

Bacteria and fungi live in complex associations with what?

Plants and animals

Microbes drive the production of what substance?

Gas

What has been used for thousands of years to improve life ad even shape civilizations?

Microorganisms

Yeast is used for the production of what?

Bread, wine, and beer

What produces cheese?

Fungi

What did the Egyptians use to treat wounds?

Moldy bread

What is the manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting?

Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering manipulates the genetics of what?

Microbes, plants, and animals

What is Genetic engineering used for?

The purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organism (GMOs)

What is recombinant DNA technology?

Technique that allow the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another and deliberately alter DNA

Using microbes in the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants?

Bioremediation

What is a pathogen?

Any agent such as virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that causes disease

How many microbes can cause disease?

Nearly 2000

How is Malaria transmitted?

mosquitoes

What is bigger Bacterial and Archaeal cells or Eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells- Bacterial and archaeal cells are 10x smaller

The majority of what is considered single-celled?

Microorganism

What are Parasitic worms called?

Helminths

Are helminths considered microorganisms?

No but are included in the study if infectious disease

What is spontaneous generation?

Living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.

What is the scientific method?

General approach taken by scientists to explain a natural phenomenon

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation to account for what has been observed or measured

What is a theory?

A collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event that has stood the test of time and has yet to be disproved by serious scientific endeavors

What are found in air and dust?

Microbes as well as located in earth and its waters

Ferdinand Cohn discovered what?

Bacterial endospores

What is called completely free of all life forms including endospores and virus particles?

Sterile

Who linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease?

Robert Koch

Joseph Lister utilized what?

First to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms with antiseptic chemicals

Who verified the germ theory of disease?

Robert Koch

Koch ‘s Postulates steps

Observe sample, take disease from dead host, places in new host, observe to watch if it accumulates in new host and is identical to original disease

Define nomenclature

The assignment of scientific names to the various taxonomic categories and individual organisms

What is the binomial system?

A combination of the generic (genus) and species name

How is the binomial system written?

Genus are is capitalized and species name begins with lower case letter, italicized

How are organisms classified?

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa

What is taxa?

Chapter 1 - The Main Themes Of Microbiology Flashcards

(81 cards)