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Biology 083 > Chapter 1: The Science of Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 Kingdoms of Life?

1.1

A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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2
Q

All living beings share what characteristics?

6 Points

1.2

A
  • Cellular Organization
  • Metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Heredity
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3
Q

Define

Metabolism

1 Point

1.2

A
  • the consumption of energy to power various processes
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4
Q

Define

Homeostasis

1 Point

1.2

A
  • the ability to maintain stable internal conditions for optimized functions
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5
Q

Define

Heredity

1 Point

1.2

A
  • the passing of genetic material and information from parent(s) to offspring
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6
Q

What are the 3 basic complexity levels of life?

1.3

A
  • Cellular
  • Organismal
  • Populational
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7
Q

What is the Cellular complexity order?

1.3

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
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8
Q

What is the Organismal complexity order?

1.3

A
  1. Tissue
  2. Organ
  3. Organ System
  4. Organism
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9
Q

What is the Populational complexity order?

1.3

A
  1. Population
  2. Species
  3. Community
  4. Ecosystem
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10
Q

Define

Emergent Properties

1 Point

1.3

A
  • Characteristics that appear when smaller entities (Ex. Tissues) become part of a bigger whole (Ex. Organs)
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11
Q

What are the 5 general themes of Biology?

1.4

A
  1. Evolution
  2. The Flow of Energy
  3. Cooperation
  4. Structure determines Function
  5. Homeostasis
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12
Q

Define

Deductive Reasoning

1 Point

1.5

A
  • The use of general principles to explain specific observations
  • (Ex. Math)
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13
Q

Define

Inductive Reasoning

1 Point

1.5

A
  • The way of discovering general principles from examining specific observations
  • Scientists use this method
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14
Q

What are the 6 stages of “The Scientific Process”?

1.7

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Prediction
  4. Testing
  5. Controls
  6. Conclusion
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15
Q

Define

Controls

1 Point

1.7

A
  • Experiments done in parallel to test the influence of variables
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16
Q

Define

Theory

According to Scientific Community

1.8

A
  • A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations
17
Q

What are the 4 Main Biological Theories?

1.9

A
  1. The Cell Theory
  2. The Gene Theory
  3. The Theory of Heredity
  4. The Theory of Evolution
18
Q

What is The Cell Theory?

3 Points

1.9

A
  • All organisms are made of at least 1 cell
  • The cell is the most basic unit of life
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
19
Q

What is The Gene Theory?

1 Point

1.9

A
  • The theory that genetic information is encoded in molecules of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
20
Q

Define

DNA

4 Points

1.9

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • Made of Nucleotides
  • 4 Kinds of Nucleotides (A,T,C,G)
  • Various sequences of thousands of nucleotides make a gene
21
Q

Define

Gene

3 Points

1.9

A
  • Contains information on specific proteins and RNA
  • Capable of producing said proteins and RNA
  • Can regulate other genes
22
Q

Define

Genome

1 Point

1.9

A
  • The entire set of DNA instructions on how to make a cell
23
Q

What is the Theory of Heredity?

1 Point

1.9

A
  • Genes are passed down through generations in distinct units
24
Q

What is the Theory of Evolution?

2 Points

1.9

A
  • “Descent with Modification”
  • Traits favored by a creature’s environment are passed on through natural selection
25
Q

What are the 3 Domains of Life?

1.9

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya

Biology 083 (5 decks)

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