Chapter 33: Plant Form and Function Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
Define
Meristem
2 Points
33.1
A
- A tissue usually made of cells capable of dividing indefinitely
- Gives rise to similar cells or to cells that change to produce different tissues or organs
2
Q
Define
Apical Meristem
2 Points
33.1
A
- A meristem at the tip of a root or shoot
- Responsible for increase in length
3
Q
Define
Lateral Meristem
2 Points
33.1
A
- A meristem that is parallel to the inner core of a plant
- Responsible for increase in diameter
4
Q
Define
Vascular Cambium
2 Points
33.1
A
- Type of lateral meristem
- Used to create vascular tissue
5
Q
Define
Xylem
3 Points
33.1
A
- Type of vascular tissue
- Primary water-conducting tissue
- Carries dissolved minerals.
6
Q
Define
Phloem
3 Points
33.1
A
- Type of vascular tissue
- Made up of 2 kinds of elongated cells: sieve cells and sieve-tube members
- Primarily conducts food around the body.
7
Q
Define
Cork Cambium
4 Points
33.1
A
- Kind of Lateral Cambium
- Part of outer layer on roots and shoots
- Made of plates of dividing cells that move inward as they divide
- Also known as Phellogen
8
Q
Define
Ground Tissue
1 Point
33.2
A
- Where the vascular tissues are embedded
9
Q
Define
Dermal Tissue
1 Point
33.2
A
- Outer protective covering of a plant
10
Q
Define
Vascular Tissue
1 Point
33.2
A
- Conducts water, dissolved minerals and the product of photosynthesis
11
Q
Define
Parenchyma Cells
2 Points
33.2
A
- Alive at maturity
- Carries out the basic functions of living; photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and food and water storage
12
Q
Define
Collenchyma Cells
3 Points
33.2
A
- Living, usually elongated, cells
- Unevenly thickened walls
- Act as supports, especially in areas of primary growth
13
Q
Define
Sclerenchyma Cells
2 Points
33.2
A
- Usually do not contain living cytoplasm when mature
- have tough cell walls called secondary cell walls
14
Q
Define
Fibers
2 Points
33.2
A
- type of sclerenchyma cell
- long, slender cells that usually form strands
15
Q
Define
Sclereid
2 Points
33.2
A
- Type of sclerenchyma cell
- Vary in shape but are often branched
16
Q
Define
Cuticle
2 Points
33.2
A
- A waxy water-proof barrier
- Covers and protects the outer layer of a plant
17
Q
Define
Guard Cells
2 Points
33.2
A
- Pair of cells
- Regulate the passage of gases and water through a stoma
18
Q
Define
Stoma
2 Points
33.2
A
- A tiny opening in the epidermis of a plant organ (such as a leaf)
- Used for gas exchange and water evaporation
19
Q
Define
Trichome
2 Points
33.2
A
- An outgrowth on the epidermis of a plant that gives the plant a “fuzzy” appearance (like tiny hairs)
- Plays an insulating role, affecting heat and water balance
20
Q
Define
Root Hairs
3 Points
33.2
A
- Extensions of the underground epidermis
- Keeps the root in intimate contact with soil particles
- Improves absorption
21
Q
Define
Tracheid
5 Points
33.2
A
- dead at maturity
- elongated
- ends overlap with each other
- water flows through openings called pits
- type of Xylem
22
Q
Define
Vessel Element
6 Points
33.2
A
- type of Xylem
- elongated
- dead at maturity
- line up end-to-end
- end walls are open or perforated for water flow
- more efficient than tracheids
23
Q
Sieve Cell
3 Points
33.2
A
- type of Phloem
- elongated
- small perforations between cells
24
Q
Sieve-tube Members
4 Points
33.2
A
- type of Phloem
- elongated
- occur end-to-end forming sieve tubes
- ends have larger pores then sieve cells; called sieve plate
25
Companion Cells
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.2
* Specialized Parenchyma Cells
* Occur with sieve tubes
26
Pericycle
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* surrounds the central column of a root; boundary
* branch, or lateral roots formed from this
27
Epidermis
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.3
* The outer protective layer of the root
28
Cortex
| 3 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* where a root's vascular system is located
* Parenchyma cells
* innermost layer lies just outside pericycle; called endodermis
29
Casparian strip
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* the thick, waxy band circling cells in the endodermis
* Forces water through cells rather than around
30
Protoderm
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* type of primary meristem
* becomes epidermis
31
Procambium
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* type of primary meristem
* produces primary vascular tissues
32
Ground Meristem
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* type of primary meristem
* turns into ground tissue which is made of parenchyma tissue
33
Root Cap
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.3
* Mass of unorganized cells that protect a growing apical meristem
34
Zone of Elongation
| 3 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* Rapidly growing
* Part of a root
* Just behind the tip
35
Zone of Differentiation
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.3
* Above the elongation zone
* Root hairs form here
36
Leaf Primordia
| 3 Points
## Footnote
33.4
* rudimentary leaves
* cluster around the apical meristem
* unfold/grow as stem grows
37
Node
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.4
* Area on stem where leaves form
38
Internode
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.4
* Portion of Stem between leaf nodes
39
Axil
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.4
* The area between leaf and stem; the angle
* Bud rising from axil is called axillary bud
40
Stipules
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.4
* Leaflike organs
* Found at base of petiole where it joins the stem
41
Periderm
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.4
* A stem layer consisting of cork, the cork cambium, and the parenchyma cells
* Plant's outside protective covering
42
Bark
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.4
* All mature tissues outside of the vascular cambium
43
Marginal Meristem
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.5
* The meristem of a leaf by which growth occurs
* Ceases to grow once leaf is fully expanded
44
Blade
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* The flattened portion of a leaf
45
Petiole
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* The slender stalk of a leaf
46
Reticulate Venation
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* When the veins of a leaf are unevenly spaced in a network
47
Compound Leaf
| 3 Points
## Footnote
33.5
* Has leaflets
* Connected to 1 middle vein
* Each leaflet has own stalk
48
Pinnately Compound (Leaves)
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* Leaflets that are arranged in pairs along a central axis
49
Palmately Compound (Leaves)
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* Leaflets that radiate out from a singular point at the blade end of the petiole
50
What are the different leaf patterns?
| 3
## Footnote
33.5
* alternate - spirals around shoot
* opposite - occur on opposite sides of shoot
* whorled - circle the stem as a group
51
Mesophyll
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* Inner tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf
52
Palisade Mesophyll
| 3 Points
## Footnote
33.5
* Closely packed layer(s) of parenchyma cells
* found in upper epidermis of a leaf
* packed with chloroplasts
53
Spongy Mesophyll
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.5
* Leaf interior with lots of spaces for gas exchange
54
Root Pressure
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.6
* The osmotic force that helps water move up a plant's roots and stem
55
Capillary Action
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.6
* Results from electrical attractions between polar water molecules and electrified surfaces
* Adhesion
56
Transpiration
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.6
* The final process that brings water up a shoot
* Water evaporation from leaf draws water up from stem and roots
57
Transpiration
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.6
* The final process that brings water up a shoot
* Water evaporation from leaf draws water up from stem and roots
58
Tensile Strength
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.6
* The amount of force a substance can tolerate before breaking apart
59
Turgid
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.6
* Swollen, distended or congested
* High pressure
60
Translocation
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.7
* The process through which carbohydrates are moved through plant phloem
61
Mass Flow
| 2 Points
## Footnote
33.7
* the movement of dissolved nutrients as a plant absorbs water for transpiration
* carbs enter sieve tubes, water enters due to osmosis, pressure pushes carbs down plant
62
Source
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.7
* The area from which a material comes from
63
Sink
| 1 Point
## Footnote
33.7
* The end destination of tranported materials
