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Biology 083 > Chapter 33: Plant Form and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Plant Form and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Meristem

2 Points

33.1

A
  • A tissue usually made of cells capable of dividing indefinitely
  • Gives rise to similar cells or to cells that change to produce different tissues or organs
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2
Q

Define

Apical Meristem

2 Points

33.1

A
  • A meristem at the tip of a root or shoot
  • Responsible for increase in length
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3
Q

Define

Lateral Meristem

2 Points

33.1

A
  • A meristem that is parallel to the inner core of a plant
  • Responsible for increase in diameter
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4
Q

Define

Vascular Cambium

2 Points

33.1

A
  • Type of lateral meristem
  • Used to create vascular tissue
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5
Q

Define

Xylem

3 Points

33.1

A
  • Type of vascular tissue
  • Primary water-conducting tissue
  • Carries dissolved minerals.
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6
Q

Define

Phloem

3 Points

33.1

A
  • Type of vascular tissue
  • Made up of 2 kinds of elongated cells: sieve cells and sieve-tube members
  • Primarily conducts food around the body.
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7
Q

Define

Cork Cambium

4 Points

33.1

A
  • Kind of Lateral Cambium
  • Part of outer layer on roots and shoots
  • Made of plates of dividing cells that move inward as they divide
  • Also known as Phellogen
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8
Q

Define

Ground Tissue

1 Point

33.2

A
  • Where the vascular tissues are embedded
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9
Q

Define

Dermal Tissue

1 Point

33.2

A
  • Outer protective covering of a plant
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10
Q

Define

Vascular Tissue

1 Point

33.2

A
  • Conducts water, dissolved minerals and the product of photosynthesis
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11
Q

Define

Parenchyma Cells

2 Points

33.2

A
  • Alive at maturity
  • Carries out the basic functions of living; photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and food and water storage
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12
Q

Define

Collenchyma Cells

3 Points

33.2

A
  • Living, usually elongated, cells
  • Unevenly thickened walls
  • Act as supports, especially in areas of primary growth
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13
Q

Define

Sclerenchyma Cells

2 Points

33.2

A
  • Usually do not contain living cytoplasm when mature
  • have tough cell walls called secondary cell walls
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14
Q

Define

Fibers

2 Points

33.2

A
  • type of sclerenchyma cell
  • long, slender cells that usually form strands
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15
Q

Define

Sclereid

2 Points

33.2

A
  • Type of sclerenchyma cell
  • Vary in shape but are often branched
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16
Q

Define

Cuticle

2 Points

33.2

A
  • A waxy water-proof barrier
  • Covers and protects the outer layer of a plant
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17
Q

Define

Guard Cells

2 Points

33.2

A
  • Pair of cells
  • Regulate the passage of gases and water through a stoma
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18
Q

Define

Stoma

2 Points

33.2

A
  • A tiny opening in the epidermis of a plant organ (such as a leaf)
  • Used for gas exchange and water evaporation
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19
Q

Define

Trichome

2 Points

33.2

A
  • An outgrowth on the epidermis of a plant that gives the plant a “fuzzy” appearance (like tiny hairs)
  • Plays an insulating role, affecting heat and water balance
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20
Q

Define

Root Hairs

3 Points

33.2

A
  • Extensions of the underground epidermis
  • Keeps the root in intimate contact with soil particles
  • Improves absorption
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21
Q

Define

Tracheid

5 Points

33.2

A
  • dead at maturity
  • elongated
  • ends overlap with each other
  • water flows through openings called pits
  • type of Xylem
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22
Q

Define

Vessel Element

6 Points

33.2

A
  • type of Xylem
  • elongated
  • dead at maturity
  • line up end-to-end
  • end walls are open or perforated for water flow
  • more efficient than tracheids
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23
Q

Sieve Cell

3 Points

33.2

A
  • type of Phloem
  • elongated
  • small perforations between cells
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24
Q

Sieve-tube Members

4 Points

33.2

A
  • type of Phloem
  • elongated
  • occur end-to-end forming sieve tubes
  • ends have larger pores then sieve cells; called sieve plate
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25
Q

Companion Cells

2 Points

33.2

A
  • Specialized Parenchyma Cells
  • Occur with sieve tubes
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26
Q

Pericycle

2 Points

33.3

A
  • surrounds the central column of a root; boundary
  • branch, or lateral roots formed from this
27
Q

Epidermis

1 Point

33.3

A
  • The outer protective layer of the root
28
Q

Cortex

3 Points

33.3

A
  • where a root’s vascular system is located
  • Parenchyma cells
  • innermost layer lies just outside pericycle; called endodermis
29
Q

Casparian strip

2 Points

33.3

A
  • the thick, waxy band circling cells in the endodermis
  • Forces water through cells rather than around
30
Q

Protoderm

2 Points

33.3

A
  • type of primary meristem
  • becomes epidermis
31
Q

Procambium

2 Points

33.3

A
  • type of primary meristem
  • produces primary vascular tissues
32
Q

Ground Meristem

2 Points

33.3

A
  • type of primary meristem
  • turns into ground tissue which is made of parenchyma tissue
33
Q

Root Cap

1 Point

33.3

A
  • Mass of unorganized cells that protect a growing apical meristem
34
Q

Zone of Elongation

3 Points

33.3

A
  • Rapidly growing
  • Part of a root
  • Just behind the tip
35
Q

Zone of Differentiation

2 Points

33.3

A
  • Above the elongation zone
  • Root hairs form here
36
Q

Leaf Primordia

3 Points

33.4

A
  • rudimentary leaves
  • cluster around the apical meristem
  • unfold/grow as stem grows
37
Q

Node

1 Point

33.4

A
  • Area on stem where leaves form
38
Q

Internode

1 Point

33.4

A
  • Portion of Stem between leaf nodes
39
Q

Axil

2 Points

33.4

A
  • The area between leaf and stem; the angle
  • Bud rising from axil is called axillary bud
40
Q

Stipules

2 Points

33.4

A
  • Leaflike organs
  • Found at base of petiole where it joins the stem
41
Q

Periderm

2 Points

33.4

A
  • A stem layer consisting of cork, the cork cambium, and the parenchyma cells
  • Plant’s outside protective covering
42
Q

Bark

1 Point

33.4

A
  • All mature tissues outside of the vascular cambium
43
Q

Marginal Meristem

2 Points

33.5

A
  • The meristem of a leaf by which growth occurs
  • Ceases to grow once leaf is fully expanded
44
Q

Blade

1 Point

33.5

A
  • The flattened portion of a leaf
45
Q

Petiole

1 Point

33.5

A
  • The slender stalk of a leaf
46
Q

Reticulate Venation

1 Point

33.5

A
  • When the veins of a leaf are unevenly spaced in a network
47
Q

Compound Leaf

3 Points

33.5

A
  • Has leaflets
  • Connected to 1 middle vein
  • Each leaflet has own stalk
48
Q

Pinnately Compound (Leaves)

1 Point

33.5

A
  • Leaflets that are arranged in pairs along a central axis
49
Q

Palmately Compound (Leaves)

1 Point

33.5

A
  • Leaflets that radiate out from a singular point at the blade end of the petiole
50
Q

What are the different leaf patterns?

3

33.5

A
  • alternate - spirals around shoot
  • opposite - occur on opposite sides of shoot
  • whorled - circle the stem as a group
51
Q

Mesophyll

1 Point

33.5

A
  • Inner tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf
52
Q

Palisade Mesophyll

3 Points

33.5

A
  • Closely packed layer(s) of parenchyma cells
  • found in upper epidermis of a leaf
  • packed with chloroplasts
53
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

1 Point

33.5

A
  • Leaf interior with lots of spaces for gas exchange
54
Q

Root Pressure

1 Point

33.6

A
  • The osmotic force that helps water move up a plant’s roots and stem
55
Q

Capillary Action

2 Points

33.6

A
  • Results from electrical attractions between polar water molecules and electrified surfaces
  • Adhesion
56
Q

Transpiration

2 Points

33.6

A
  • The final process that brings water up a shoot
  • Water evaporation from leaf draws water up from stem and roots
57
Q

Transpiration

2 Points

33.6

A
  • The final process that brings water up a shoot
  • Water evaporation from leaf draws water up from stem and roots
58
Q

Tensile Strength

1 Point

33.6

A
  • The amount of force a substance can tolerate before breaking apart
59
Q

Turgid

2 Points

33.6

A
  • Swollen, distended or congested
  • High pressure
60
Q

Translocation

1 Point

33.7

A
  • The process through which carbohydrates are moved through plant phloem
61
Q

Mass Flow

2 Points

33.7

A
  • the movement of dissolved nutrients as a plant absorbs water for transpiration
  • carbs enter sieve tubes, water enters due to osmosis, pressure pushes carbs down plant
62
Q

Source

1 Point

33.7

A
  • The area from which a material comes from
63
Q

Sink

1 Point

33.7

A
  • The end destination of tranported materials

Biology 083 (5 decks)

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