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Biology 083 > Chapter 3: Molecules of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids are all what kind of molecule?

A
  • Organic Molecule
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2
Q

Define

Functional Group

2 Points

3.1

A
  • A group of atoms that have special properties
  • Gives specific chemical properties to host molecule
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3
Q

What 4 main kinds of molecules is our body made of?

3.1

A
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
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4
Q

Define

Macromolecule

1 Point

3.1

A
  • Are large polymers
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5
Q

Define

Polymer

1 Point

3.1

A
  • A chain of smaller molecules
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6
Q

Define

Monomer

1 Point

3.1

A
  • A molecule that can be bonded to others to form a chain
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7
Q

What are Hydrocarbons?

4 Points

3.1

A
  • some of the simplest organic molecules
  • a chain or ring of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
  • Mainly used as fuels
  • Comes from organic material that has been “cooked” underground for millions of years

Ex. Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane etc.

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8
Q

Define

Dehydration Synthesis

2 Points

3.1

A
  • The way in which polymers are formed
  • The removal of a hydroxyl group (OH) from 1 unit and a Hydrogen (H) from another (causing a covalent bond)
  • Aka: Removing H2O
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9
Q

Define

Hydrolysis

1 Point

3.1

A
  • Adding a molecule of water (H2O) to break a covalent bond
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10
Q

Define

Protein

2 Points

3.2

A
  • Complex macromolecules
  • Polymers made of amino acids
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11
Q

Define

Polypeptide

1 Point

3.2

A
  • A polymer made up of chains of amino acids
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12
Q

Define

Peptide Bond

1 Point

3.2

A
  • The covalent bond between 2 amino acids
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13
Q

Define

Amino Acid

2 Points

3.2

A
  • Small molecule w\ basic structure
  • Made up of:
  • 1 Carbon Atom
  • 1 Amino group
  • 1 Carboxyl Group
  • 1 Functional Group
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14
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

3.2

A
  • 20
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15
Q

What are the 4 levels of Protein structure?

3.2

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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16
Q

What is the Primary Protein Structure level?

2 Points

3.2

A
  • the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
  • determines all other levels
17
Q

What is the Secondary Protein Structure level?

3 Points

3.2

A
  • Forms due to non-polar regions being forced together
  • Hydrogen bonds form connection between different parts of peptide chain
  • May resemble coils, helices or sheets
18
Q

What is the Tertiary Protein structure?

1 Point

3.2

A
  • The final 3-D shape of the 1 protein
19
Q

What is the Quaternary Protein Structure?

2 Points

3.2

A
  • The spatial arrangement of proteins
  • Made up of more than 1 polypeptide chain
20
Q

Define

Enzyme

3.2

A
  • A globular protein with a special 3-D shape
  • Fits precisely with a specific sugar or chemical
21
Q

Define

Catalysis

1 Point

3.2

A
  • The process of enhancing a chemical reaction
22
Q

Define

Chaperone Protein

2 Points

3.2

A
  • Assists in the protein folding process
  • Corrects misfolded proteins
23
Q

Define

Prion

1 Point

3.2

A
  • A misfolded brain protein
24
Q

Define

Nucleic Acid

1 Point

3.3

A
  • A very long polymer that stores information
  • Comprised of nucleotides
25
Q

Define

Nucleotide

2 Points

3.3

A
  • Monomer
  • Made up of:
  • A Five-Carbon sugar
  • A Phosphate group
  • An organic nitrogen-containing base
26
Q

What are the 5 different types of Nucleotides?

3.3

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
  • Uracil
27
Q

What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acid?

3.3

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
  • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
28
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

3.3

A
  • RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine
  • RNA uses 1 strand instead of 2
  • RNA contains a ribose sugar
29
Q

What are DNA’s two base nucleotide pairs?

3.3

A
  • Adenine and Thymine
  • Cytosine and Guanine

Biology 083 (5 decks)

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