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Biology 083 > Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Matter

2 Points

2.1

A
  • Any substance that has mass and occupies space
  • Made of Atoms
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2
Q

Define

Atom

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The smallest particle a substance can be divided into while keeping its chemical properties
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3
Q

Define

Proton

1 Point

2.1

A
  • A positively charged subatomic particle
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4
Q

Define

Neutron

1 Point

2.1

A
  • A subatomic particle with no charge
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5
Q

Define

Electron

1 Point

2.1

A
  • A negatively charged subatomic particle
  • Found in the electron shells
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6
Q

Define

Mass

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The amount of substance
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7
Q

Define

Weight

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The force of gravity exerted onto a substance
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8
Q

Define

Atomic Number

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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9
Q

Define

Element

1 Point

2.1

A
  • A subtsance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means
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10
Q

Define

Atomic Mass

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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11
Q

Define

Potential Energy

1 Point

2.1

A
  • Stored energy that depends on the stresses or position of parts in a mechanism
  • Stretched or compressed spring has more potential energy than a neutral sprin
  • A ball held high above the earth has more potential energy then one on the ground
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12
Q

Define

Electron Shells

1 Point

2.1

A
  • The layers or levels of the energy field that surrounds an atoms nucleus
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13
Q

Define

Ion

1 Point

2.2

A
  • An atom that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons
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14
Q

Define

Cation

2 Points

2.2

A
  • An atom that has lost an electron
  • Positively charged
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15
Q

Define

Anion

2 Points

2.2

A
  • An atom that has gained an extra electron
  • Negatively Charged
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16
Q

Define

Isotope

4 Points

2.2

A
  • A variation of an atom/element
  • Has the same number and position in periodic table as original element
  • Contains variable amount of neutrons and different atomic mass
  • May be unstable
17
Q

Define

Radioactive decay

1 Point

2.2

A
  • When unstable isotopes break down into particles with smaller atomic numbers
18
Q

What are 2 uses for Radioactive Isotopes?

2.2

A
  • Medicine
  • Acheology/Paleontology
19
Q

Define

Molecule

1 Point

2.3

A
  • A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
20
Q

What are the 3 main types of chemical bonds?

2.3

A
  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Hydrogen
21
Q

Define

Ionic Bond

1 Point

2.3

A
  • Caused by an attraction of 1 atom to all nearby oppositely charged atoms
22
Q

Define

Covalent Bond

2 Points

2.3

A
  • Forms between 2 non-metal atoms when they share electrons
  • Usually stronger than ionic bonds
23
Q

Define

Polar Covalent Bond

2 Points

2.3

A
  • When 1 nucleus attracts more electrons than its partner
  • Results in partial charges
24
Q

Define

Polar Molecule

1 Point

2.3

A
  • A molecule with a partial charge
  • Like a magnet with a positive and negative side
25
Q

Define

Hydrogen Bond

1 Point

2.3

A
  • Forms between + end of 1 polar molecule and - end of another
  • Bond starts weak but grows in strength as more hydrogen bonds are added
26
Q

What kind of molecule is water? + What kind of bonds can it form?

2.4

A
  • Polar Molecule
  • Hydrogen Bonds
27
Q

What kind of unique properties does water have due to its bond type?

5 Points

2.4

A
  • Heat Storage
  • Ice Formation
  • High Heat of Vaporization
  • Cohesion
  • Highly Polar
28
Q

Define

Hydrophilic Molecule

2 Points

2.4

A
  • Attracted to water
  • Dissolves easily
29
Q

Define

Hydrophobic Molecule

2 Points

2.4

A
  • Repelled by water
  • Doesn’t dissolve
30
Q

Define

Ionization

1 Point

2.5

A
  • The process by which ions are created due to an atoms covalent bond breaking
31
Q

Define

Acid

1 Point

2.5

A
  • A substance that splits in water and increases the H+ (Positive Hydrogen)
32
Q

Define

pH

1 Point

2.5

A
  • The measure of a substances acidity level
  • Below 7 is Acidic
  • 7 is Pure Water
  • Above 7 is Basic
33
Q

Define

Base

1 Point

2.5

A
  • Any substance that combines with H+ (Positve Hydrogen) when dissolved in water
34
Q

Define

Buffer

2 Points

2.5

A
  • A chemical substance that helps control an acid or bases effect on pH by taking in or releasing hydrogen ions
  • Generally a pair of substances

Biology 083 (5 decks)

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