chapter 1: types of epithelium

Question 1

epithelium that is single cell thick

Answer 1

simple epithelium

Question 2

single layer of flattened cells

Answer 2

simple squamous

Question 3

epithelium that:
living filter
provide a barrier (thin)

Answer 3

simple squamous

Question 4

single layer of cubed shaped cells; nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasms, typically looks square when sectioned for a slide

Answer 4

simple cuboidal

Question 5

epithelium (2) that is used in:

• absorption
• secretion
• provides barrier

Answer 5

simple cuboidal

simple columnar

Question 6

single layer of cells that have height, more cytoplasm than simple cuboidal, typically look rectangular under slide

Answer 6

simple columnar

Question 7

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is AKA

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium

Question 8

epithelium with 3 cell types of various heights so it can have the appearance of stratified epithelium

Answer 8

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

different cell types of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 9

goblet
ciliated columnar
basal

Question 10

modified columnar cell that functions to produce mucus

Answer 10

goblet cells

Question 11

columnar cells that contain CILIA; cilia are anchored in the apex of the cell by basal bodies; function to MOVE MUCUS over surface

Answer 11

ciliated columnar cells

Question 12

short pyramidal shaped cell that does not reach the surface; function to be the STEM cell for this type of epithelium

Answer 12

basal cells (STEM CELLS)

Question 13

types of surface specializations

Answer 13

microvilli
stereocilia
cilia
glycocalyx

Question 14

finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells; also called a brush border or striated border

Answer 14

microvilli

Question 15

surface specialization cells that function to increase surface area to increase absorption

Answer 15

microvilli

Question 16

extremely long microvilli; usually fewer present than in microvilli; not related to true cilia– NON-MOTILE; quite rigid

Answer 16

stereocilia

Question 17

thin apical hair-like extensions of cytoskeleton that function to move something over a surface

Answer 17

cilia

Question 18

cells with cilia have many ________ to make ATP, and BASAL bodies to block the free surface so there is NO ______ or ______

Answer 18

mitochondria
secretion
absorption

Question 19

surface layer of glycoproteins and carbs that covers some epithelium (protection); produced by SOME epithelial cells

Answer 19

glycocalyx

Question 20

functions of glycocalyx

Answer 20

protection
cell recognition
(possibly cell adhesion, hold enzymes)

Question 21

epithelium that is 2+ layers thick

Answer 21

stratified epithelium

Question 22

epithelium that is named for the shape of its superficial cells and has a PROTECTIVE function

Answer 22

stratified epithelium

Question 23

epithelium that is multiple layers of cells that tend to flatten out from basal layer to superficial later; superficial layer of cells are flat and alive

Answer 23

stratified squamous

Question 24

epithelium with functions:

protection from ABRASION/FRICTION

Answer 24

stratified squamous

Question 25

problems/limitations of stratified squamous

Answer 25

no protection from drying | limited thickness so protection is limited

Question 26

multiple layers of cells that also tend to flatten from basal layer to superficial layer of cells; superficial cell layer is covered by an added nonliving layer of keratin

Answer 26

keratinized stratified squamous

Question 27

layers in epithelium of skin

Answer 27

``` stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum ```

Question 28

function of epithelium is protection in a DRY environment

Answer 28

keratinized stratified squamous

Question 29

1-2 layers of keratinocytes which are MITOTIC and closest to dermis

Answer 29

stratum basale

Question 30

multiple layers of "spiny shaped" keratinocytes that produce lipids and keratohyaline vacuoles. Keratinocytes have cytokeratin monofilaments that radiate outward from nuclear region; thickness of layer varies

Answer 30

stratum spinosum

Question 31

uppermost 2-5 layers of flattened living keratinocytes that contain flattened, condensed keratohyaline granules ; EXOCYTOSIS of lipid-filled lamellar granules will occur from these cells

Answer 31

stratum granulosum

Question 32

thin layer of recently dead or dying keratinocytes present only in THICK skin; layer is NOT easy to see; nucleus and organelles are NOT present

Answer 32

stratum lucidum

Question 33

layer of dead cells, keratin and lipids; thickness of this layer varies but has 3 functions: - prevents water loss - provides barrier to microbes - protects against abrasion

Answer 33

stratum corneum

Question 34

________ contributes to strength to this STRATUM CORNEUM by increasing SA for attachment of epithelium to CT below

Answer 34

``` epidermal pegs (rete ridges) dermal papillae ```

Question 35

epithelial cell types in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 35

keratinocytes melanocytes langerhan cells merkel cells

Question 36

typical cell type found throughout keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - can divide in stratum basale - produce keratins/keratohyaline granules & lipids when in stratum granulosum

Answer 36

keratinocytes

Question 37

epithelial cells (in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) that protect against UV radiation

Answer 37

melanocytes

Question 38

melanocytes are found in which layer:

Answer 38

stratum basale

Question 39

how melanocytes work

Answer 39

keratinocytes phagocytize the cytoplasmic tip of melanocytes containing the melanosomes with melanin

Question 40

skin color is greatly influenced by:

Answer 40

environmental influences genetics # blood vessels in dermis

Question 41

cells that recognize and process external foreign antigens; antigen presenting cells

Answer 41

langerhan cells

Question 42

langerhan cells found in layer:

Answer 42

stratum spinosum

Question 43

cells that provide touch receptors

Answer 43

merkel cells (AKA tactile cells)

Question 44

merkel cells found in:

Answer 44

stratum basale

Question 45

______ # increase when exposed to UV light repeatedly

Answer 45

melanocytes

Question 46

______ # decrease with repeated UV exposure

Answer 46

langerhan cells

Question 47

two layers of cells; basal layer is typically flattened; superficial layer of cells is CUBOID in shaped- not common

Answer 47

stratified cuboial

Question 48

epithelium that fxn: increase protection provide a barrier

Answer 48

stratified cuboidal

Question 49

two layers of cells; basal layer is typically flattened; superficial layer of cells is COLUMNAR in shaped- very RARE

Answer 49

stratified columnar

Question 50

epithelium that fxn: - increase protection - provide transition between epithelial types - provide barrier

Answer 50

stratified columnar

Question 51

multiple layers of cellsfunction: - provide protection - STRETCHbarrier

Answer 51

transitional (urinary)

Question 52

specialization of transitional epithelium

Answer 52

thin, fenestrated basement membrane large/round superficial cells well-developed occludens

Question 53

why specialization of transitional epithelium are important

Answer 53

need tight junctions because of fenestrated basement membrane prevents waste/urine from seeping between epi cells

Question 54

unusual superficial cell feature

Answer 54

some bi-nucleate superficial cells

Question 55

cells obtain more oxygen because of (2)

Answer 55

fenestrated basement membranewhen stretched, diffusion distance is increased