Chapter 10 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Monosaccharides
Aldehydes or ketones containing 2 or more hydroxyl groups
Aldehyde sugar
Aldoses
Ketone sugars
Ketoses
When numbering carbons which is carbon 1
Most oxidized carbon
Explain Fischer diagram and D vs L sugar
D oh right
L oh left
H goes on side oh isn’t on
Most oxidized up
Other c down
Left or right out of page
Are D or L sugars more common
D
If there are more than 3 carbons how do we know d or l
Look at d or l on the chiral carbon furthest away from from most oxidized
Why don’t acetals and ketals get reduced
Because reducing happens in basic conditions
And these require acidic conditions basic conditions locks rings
What can be reduced
Any sugar undergo ring opening
4 parts to name cyclic sugar
Anomeric (alpha or beta)
Sugar type (D or L)
Sugar
Ring type (furamose or pyramose)
If right side on fishcher where in Haworth
Down
Carbon 6 on Haworth points ____ for D and ____ for L
Up
Down
What is alpha anomer
Trans anomeric OH and last C face trans
What is beta carbon
Anomeric OH and last C Cis
What is pyranose form
Resembles pyran a 6 member ring
What is furanose
Resembles furan 5 member ring
What is the anomeric carbon
Carbon attached to 2 O (hemiacetal position)
What is a heteroglycan
Polymers of 2 or more different monosaccharides
What is a glyconjugate
Macromolecules they are composed of sugar and another biomolecule (lipid or protein)
What is a glycoprotein
Majority mass is protein
Carbohydrate attached roles in cellular recognition
What are 2 types of majority mass carb glycoconjugates
Proteoglycans for joints
Mucins secretion
What are the storing forms of sugars
Glycogen in humans
Startch in plants
What is cellulose
Very abundant not digestible
What is epimer
Difffers at one carbon
