chapter 10,11,12 Flashcards by Divyaradha Vashist

aphthous ulcer, uveitis,genital ulcer

Behcet syndrome

small vessel vasculitis

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parotitis
orchitis
pancreatitis
aseptic meningitis

MUMPS

sr amylase is elevated

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esophageal web
severe iron dean anemia
beefy red tongue
atrophic glossitis

Plummer Vinson syndrome

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dysphagia
high LES pressure
Bird beak appearance

Achalasia

idiopathic or Trypanosoma Cruz[Chagas disease]

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heart burn
asthma[adult onset] or cough
damage to enamel

GERD

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signet ring cell

linitis plastica

Diffuse type gastric Ca

ass with Krukenberg tumor

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Ass with Downs syndrome

Duodenal atresia[doubke bubble sign]

Hirshprung disease

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most common cong anomaly of GIT

Meckel diverticulum

Rule of 2

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IgA antibody against gliadin or Tissue Transglutaminase

celiac disease
duodenal biopsy
flattening of villi
Hyperplasia of crypts
intraepithelial lymphocytes

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Fat malabsorption
steatorrhea

with arthritis
cardiac valves,CNS,Lymph node involvement

Whipple disease

Systemic tissue damage with macrophages loaded with Tropheryma Whippelli

PAS positive

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chromogranin positive

submucosal polyp like low grade malignancy

Carcinoid tumor

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Left lower quadrant pain
bloddy diarhoea
young adult women

ulcerative colitis

Mucosal and submucosal ulcer
rectum to cecum, continous
crypt abcess with neutrophils
pseudopolyps
Lead pipe sign

complication
toxic megacolon

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young women with right lower quadrant pain
bloddy diarrhoea

renal stone[calcium oxalate]
cholesterol gall stone

Crohn disease

fissures
mouth to anus,skip lesion
lymphoid aggregates with granuloma
cobblestone mucosa
String sign

complication
fistula formation
malabsorption

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extra intestinal for inflammatory bowel disease

arthritis(migratory polyarthritis,ankylosing spondylitis,sacroilitis)
uveitis
erythema nodosum
pyoderma gangrenosum
primary sclerosis cholangitis[p ANCA positive]

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adenoma carcinoma sequence

APC
P 53
KRAS mutation

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Gardner syndrome

FAP with

retroperitoneal desmoid and osteoma

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Turcot syndrome

FAP with

medulloblastoma and glial tumors

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Polyps in GIT
with
mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation [freckle like spots] in lips,oral mucosa, genital skin

Peutz Jaghers syndrome

ass with colorectal ,breast ,gyneac carcinoma

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Old age with iron def anemia

colorectal ca
right sided raised lesion

colorectal ca
ass with strep.bovis endocarditis

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HNPCC

No polyp
colorectal ca[right colon]
with ovarian and endometrial ca

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causes of acute pancreatitius

alcohol
gall stone
hypercalcemia
drugs
mumps
post duodenal ulcer rupture

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chain of lake pattern

chronic pancreatitis

causes
adult - alcohol
children -cystic fibrosis

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epigastric pain with
obstructive jaundice
sec diabetes
pancreatitis

pancreatic ca
CA 19-9
whipples procedure
Trousseau sign - Migratory thrombophlebitis

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risk factor for cholesterol stone

age 40
estrogen
clofibrate
crohn disease

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risk factor for bilirubin stone

``` extravascular hemolysis infection Ecoli ascaris clonorchis sinensis ```

impacted stone in cystic duct

acute cholecystitis with pain radiating to scapula fever vomiting Increased WBC

chronic cholecystitis

rokitansky Aschoff sinus | porcelin gallbladder[risk of gall bladder ca]

Jaundice with unconjugated bilirubin

extravascular hemolysis[biilirubin gallstone] physiologic jaundice[kernicterus] Gilbert disease[decreased UDP glucoronyl] crigler nagger syndrome[absent UDP] fatal

Jaundice with conjugated bilirubin

Dubin johnson syndrome[dark liver] | rotor syndrome[no dark liver]

causes of obstructive jaundice dark urine pale stool pruritic[inc bile acids] hypercholesterolemia xanthomas

gallstone pancraetic ca cholongia ca clonorchis sinensis

both UCB and CB

viral hepatitis

hepatitis | with IgM HbcAb

window period

hepatitis | with IgG HbcAb and IgG HbsAb

resolved

hepatitis | with IgG HbsAb

immunization

hepatitis with HbsAg HBeag and HBV DNA with IgM HbcAb

acute

hepatitis with HbsAg HBeag and HBV DNA with IgG HbcAb

chronic

cirrhosis with decreased detoxification

increased ammonia mental status changes, coma increased estrogen gynecomastia spider angiomata, palmar erythema

cirrhosis sec diabetes mellitus bronze skin with dilated cardiomyopathy arrhythmia gonadal dysfunction

hemochromatosis

cirrhosis neurological [dementia,chorea,parkinsonian symptom]-copper deposits in basal ganglia kayser fleisher ring in cornea

wilson disease

onion skin appearance | beaded app

primary sclerosis cholangitis P ANCA positive fibrosis of intra and extra hepatic billiard tract

fulminant hepatitis with encephalopathy | in children

reyes syndrome | viral illness treated with aspirin

liver metastasis

garlic ca colon ca pancreas ca lung and breast ca

``` renal genesis with oligohydromnias flat facies limb defect lung hypoplasia ```

potters sequence

unilateral cyst | not inherited

Dysplastic kidney

bilateral cyst infants with hypertension and worsening renal failure

AR form Polycystic kidney disease ass with hepatic cysts and hepatic fibrosis

``` adult onset bilateral cyst hypertension hematuria renal failure ```

AD form PKD ass with Berry aneurysm,hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse

BUN: cr ratio >15 Fractional Excreation of sodium[FENa] <1% urine osmolarity >500

prerenal early post renal

BUN: cr ratio < 15 Fractional Excreation of sodium[FENa] >2% urine osmolarity <500

late post renal | acute tubular necrosis[Brown granular casts]

causes of ATN

-ischemia -nephrotoxic aminoglycosides lead myoglobinuria ethylene glycol[oxalates crystals in urine] dye urate[tumor lysis syndrime]

recent drug fever with rash oliguria eosinophil in urine

acute interstitial nephritis Drug induced hypersensitivity NSAIDS,penicillin,diueritics

gross hématuria with flank pain

renal papillary necrosis chronic analgesic use - Apririn Diabetes sickle cell anemia severe acute pyelonephritis

Fatty casts

nephrotic syndrome

RBC casts

nephritic syndrome

granular cast

Acute tubular necrosis

WBC casts

pyelonephritis

nephrotic in children | only albumin no immunoglobulin

Minimal change disease effacement of foot process loss of negative charge ass with Hodgkin lymphoma

nephrotic in adults

membranous nephropathy subepithelial deposits spike and dome appearance ass with Hepatitis b and c Solid tumor,SLE,drugs- NSAID,penicillamine

phospholipase a2 receptor antibody in kidney

membranous nephropathy

Tram track appearance

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 -subendothlial deposits ass with hep b and hep c type 2 dense deposit ass with C3 nephritic factor low C3

sclerosis of mesangium

diabetes mellitus

amyloid deposits in mesangium

systemic amyloidosis

hematuria hypertension oliguria periorbital edema

Nephritic

in children 2 to 3 weeks foll infection[impetifo/pharyngitis] cola colored urine

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis | subepithelial humps

linear deposits in Immuno fluorescnce | anti basement membrane antibody

good pasture syndrome | hematuria and hemoptysis

granular deposits in Immuno fluorescnce | immune deposition

PSGN | Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis[DPGN] - SLE sub endothelial deposits

Negative deposits in IF | Pauci immune

wegener CANCA Microscopic polyangitis PANCA chrug strauss syndrome PANCA with eosonophilia and asthma

in children following gastroenteritis gross or microscopic hematuria progrès to renal failure

IgA nephropathy mc nephropathy worldwide IgA immune deposition in mesangium

isolated hematuria with sensory hearing loss visual disturbance

Alports syndrome type 4 collagen defect thinning and splitting of BM

dysuria,urgency,frequncy,pain urine analysis wbc >10 >100,000 colony forming unit

Cystitis Ecoli staph saprophytic klebseilla pneumonia proteus mirabilis[alkaline urine]

flank pain fever WBC cast

acute pyelonephritis

upper and lower pole scarring

vesiculoureteric reflux causing chronic pyelonephritis

thyroidization of kidney

chronic pyelonephritis

infection | alkaline urine

ammonium magnesium phosphate | stag horn calculi

acidic urine

uric acid crystals | gout/leukemia

stone in children

cystine stone in cystinuria may form stag horn

hypertension hyperkalemia,met acidosis hypocalcemia osteoporosis

chronic renal failure ass with uremia - nausea, anorexia,pericarditis,encephalopathy with asterisks,deposition of urate crystals in skin

angiomyolipoma in kidney | cardiac rhabdomyoma

Tuberous sclerosis

Hematuria Flank pain Flank mass

Renal cell Ca

Hematuria with colicky pain

renal stone

Painless hematuria

urothelial Ca[bladder ca]

Hematuria unilateral large flank mass hypertension

Wilms tumor

renal cell ca pheochromocytoma hemagioblastoma of cerebellum

Von hippel Lindau disease | 3p

WAGR syndrome

Wilms tumor Aniridia Genital abnormality motor and mental Retardation WT1 gene deletion

Denys Drash syndrome

Wilms tumor progressive glomerular disease Male psudohermaphroditism WT1 gene mutation

Beckwith wiedemann syndrome

Wilms tumor neonatal hypoglycemia muscular hemihypertrophy organomegaly[tongue enlargement] WT2 gene mutation

HLA DQ 2 and DQ8

Celiac disease

Friedrich ataxia associated heart disease

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hemochromatosis ass heart disease

dilated cardiomyopathy,arrythmia

Amyloidosis ass heart disease

Restrictive cardiomyopathy,Arrythmias