Chapter 10

Question 1

There is a lack of
consensus over what
constitutes “old age”

Answer 1

OLD

Question 2

Researchers, practitioners,
and policy makers have
used different markers to
guide decisions regarding
what constitutes “old age”

Answer 2

chronological markers
Physiological markers
Socio-cultural markers

Question 3

chronological markers

Answer 3

Years of age

Question 4

Physiological markers

Answer 4

Menopause

Question 5

Socio-cultural markers

Answer 5

Retirement

Question 6

stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination against
people based on their age

Answer 6

ageism

Question 7

Two primary goals of income security
for older adults:

Answer 7

1- “Ensure older people have sufficient
income regardless of their pre- retirement income”

2- “Avoid a drastic reduction in
standard of living upon retirement”

Question 8

Level 3 primary plan

Answer 8

• Occupational Pensions
• Private Savings

Question 9

Level 2 social insurance

Answer 9

• Public Pension Plans
• Canada and Quebec Pension Plans
  (CPP and QPP)

Question 10

Level 1 basic minimum

Answer 10

• Old Age Security (OAS)
• Guaranteed Income Supplement
  (GIS) and Provincial/Territorial supplements

Question 11

who pays for it?

Answer 11

private plans
cpp and Qpp
QAS and GIS

Question 12

Individuals and/or their employers

Answer 12

private plans

Question 13

Contributions made by those retiring (paid into while they were working), with contributions matched by their employer

Answer 13

CPP and QPP

Question 14

Federal government via taxes (provinces/territories responsible for Provincial/Territorial
Supplements)

Answer 14

QAS and GIS

Question 15

Basic Minimum programs include

Answer 15

• old Age Security (OAS)
• Guaranteed Income Supplements (GIS)
• Allowance
• Provincial & territorial benefits

Question 16

provides a basic pension (adjusted for inflation) to virtually everyone over 65 years of age who has lived in Canada for the required length of time

Answer 16

old age security program

Question 17

who pays for the old age security program ?

Answer 17

fed gov

Question 18

It was intended as a ‘guaranteed annual income’
program; indeed, it is one of the few guaranteed
income programs operating in industrialized
countries

Answer 18

Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS)

Question 19

Provides a means-tested (income tested)
benefit to people between 60-65 whose
spouse is over 65

Provides benefits for those 60 to 64
whose spouse has died (stops when one
remarries or lives with a new common-
law partner for at least one year)

Answer 19

allowance

Question 20

Federal benefits are supplemented with
provincial and territorial benefits in…

Answer 20

Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, the
Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.

Question 21

t or f: The provincial programs are generally means
or income tested

Answer 21

true

Question 22

The provincial programs are administered
by _________

Answer 22

local social assistance or welfare
departments

Question 23

Provides benefits to retirees who paid
into the system (made contributions)
while they were working

“It is therefore an insurance type of
income security program-it ensures the
contributor against loss of income due
to retirement

Answer 23

Public pension

Question 24

public pension includes:

Answer 24

Canada Pension Plan (CPP)
Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)

Question 25

Public contributory pension paid for by mandatory contributions to the plan by all employed or self- employed Canadians over the age of 18. Employee contributions are matched with contributions by their employer. Program adjusted for inflation; also includes disability, survivor, and death benefits

Answer 25

Canadian Pension plan (CPP)

Question 26

CPP/QPP: Non-retirement contingencies include:

Answer 26

Disability benefits Survivor benefits Death benefits

Question 27

Provides benefits to contributors unable to work due to “severe” and “prolonged” disability

Answer 27

Disability benefits

Question 28

Paid to the surviving spouse of a deceased contributor

Answer 28

Survivor benefits

Question 29

Lump sum = 6x the contributor’s monthly pension (up to a maximum) paid upon death

Answer 29

Death benefits

Question 30

Governed by agreements between the federal government and Quebec to ensure that people who move in/out of Quebec carry all pension benefits with them

Answer 30

Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)

Question 31

t or false :cpp is a seperate program to QPP

Answer 31

true

Question 32

pensions are...

Answer 32

through employers

Question 33

savings are through

Answer 33

personal savings

Question 34

Federal government defers taxes on some savings/investment programs until the savings are withdrawn or received as pension income

Answer 34

Tax assistance

Question 35

Tax assistance plans include:

Answer 35

* Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSP) * Registered Pension Plan (RPP) * Deferred Profit-Sharing Plans (DPSP)

Question 36

The Alliance for a National Seniors Strategy is a coalition of groups and organizations serving seniors (including the Canadian Association of Social Workers) who have come together to advocate for the development of an evidence-based National Seniors Strategy for Canada

Answer 36

alliance

Question 37

Elder abuse take many forms and can be perpetrated by:

Answer 37

* Spouses * Adult children * Family members/friends * Caregivers * Strangers

Question 38

Forms of elder abuse:

Answer 38

Emotional/psychological abuse Physical abuse Sexual abuse Financial abuse/exploitation Neglect/abandonment

Question 39

Research has shown that the most aging adults in Canada desire to “age in place”, __________, rather than in__________-

Answer 39

- in their own home and communities - in institutional care

Question 40

having the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able

Answer 40

aging in a place

Question 41

Benefits of aging in place

Answer 41

- Decreased rates of depression - Reduction of physical and emotional hardships of leaving a familiar place - Increased social support and maintenance of social networks - Decreased costs (aging in place with supports is cheaper than institutional care)

Question 42

Housing options for seniors include:

Answer 42

Mainstream housing Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) Independent living and active lifestyle accommodation Retirement residences Supportive housing/assisted living Long term care (LTC)

Question 43

Community housing that is not senior-specific

Answer 43

Mainstream housing

Question 44

Mainstream housing in neighborhoods which were not built specifically for seniors but have a large number of senior residents

Answer 44

Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs)

Question 45

Community based seniors only housing that combines accommodations with some amenities (example: housing co-shares with private rooms but communal kitchen and living areas)

Answer 45

Independent living and active lifestyle accommodation

Question 46

Private units in a communal setting with shared common areas and multiple amenities (example: meal preparation, housekeeping, recreational programming). Usually privately owned and resident pays for all costs

Answer 46

Retirement residences

Question 47

Accessible housing designed for seniors that also includes on-site services and professional supports (e.g. personal support, recreational activities, counselling, medication support, etc.)

Answer 47

Supportive housing/assisted living

Question 48

Institutional housing for seniors who require 24 hour support and assistance with daily living tasks as well as nursing supervision and care

Answer 48

Long term care (LTC)

Question 49

As more seniors desire to age in place,

Answer 49

more friends and family members will take on caregiving roles

Question 50

true or false: informal caregiving comes at a cost for caregivers (who are disproportionately women)

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Caregivers need:

Answer 51

economic support social support

Question 52

to account for lost wages as well as direct costs associated with caregiving

Answer 52

economic support

Question 53

to address caregiver burnout and to provide respite care

Answer 53

social support

Question 54

Covid 19 revealed...

Answer 54

the current crisis in long term care

Question 55

effect of the long-term care crisis

Answer 55

75% of deaths linked to Covid 19 occurred in long term care homes

Question 56

true or false: The proportion of deaths in long term care homes in Canada was lower than the proportion of such deaths in other wealthy countries

Answer 56

false; it was higher

Question 57

Technological improvements + universal health care in Canada =?

Answer 57

significant increase in life span

Question 58

2017: average life expectancy for women and men was...

Answer 58

84.38 yearsfor women and for men 80.65 years

Question 59

With continued technology and enhanced public health and prevention, it is expected that life spans will continue to...

Answer 59

extend

Question 60

what will be the result of the extension of life spans?

Answer 60

People will need income supports for a longer time

Question 61

true or false: Total fertility rate in Canada has been above the population replacement rate for years

Answer 61

false; below

Question 62

what was the result of the following: 1971 was last year in which birth rate met or exceeded the replacement rate (2.1 children per woman)

Answer 62

The proportion of older adults =grow proportion of subsequent generations to care for them = shrink

Question 63

the largest generation reaching retirement age

Answer 63

baby boomers

Question 64

what is the result of boomers reaching retirement age?

Answer 64

A larger number of older adults will need income supports as they exit the labour market

Question 65

Due to labour market disruptions associated with the gender nature of care work and the gender gap in pay, women _________to the Canada Pension Plan during their working years (so they receive lower benefits)

Answer 65

contribute less

Question 66

Labour market disruptions and lower earnings also mean that women are able to accrue ____________ for retirement

Answer 66

less private personal savings

Question 67

Women also have _________expectancies, so they need to make the income they have _____________.

Answer 67

- longer life expectancies - last for a longer period of time

Question 68

true or false: Older women are also more likely to be single or widowed

Answer 68

true

Question 69

is a coalition of groups and organizations serving seniors (including the Canadian Association of Social Workers) who have come together to advocate for the development of an evidence-based National Seniors Strategy for Canada

Answer 69

The Alliance for a National Seniors Strategy